Erik Erikson’s Adolescent Theory and James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Ar

Each experience and interaction has an effect on the development of the somebody as an adult and shapes them into the personality and even physical style they will take on as they mature. Those with the strongest influence, namely family, religious figures, and others whom one comes in betray contact with will have the greatest effect on a developing being. It is between the stage of childhood and adulthood that the most change takes place. This position, called adolescence, is the carry of a person coming of age yet not completely independent, it is this state that the psychologist Erik Eriksons adolescent theory becomes prominent. Erikson was an ego psychologist. He emphasized the lineament of culture and society and the conflicts that can take place indoors the ego itself.(McLeod) It is Eriksons theory that brought about the thought of an identity crisis that occurs in this stage of life. jibe to Eriksons thought of identity diffusion there argon four major components intima cy, diffusion of time perspective, diffusion of industry, and negative identity. These can each be found in James Joyces A portrait of the creative person as a Young Man as each of these factors are clear represented in the novel. The first component mentioned by Erikson is the archetype of intimacy which is shown through the relations taking place between the main character of Artist and his sexual partners in his adolescence. In the novel the main character, Stephen, begins as a young catholic boy who is then put through school and as his family begins to lose money he must be take to a less expressive school so his father can continue to deport the tuition fees for his education. Stephen becomes increasingly embarrassed by his family situation and the ... ...my identity, who I want to be, and what my values are. Works CitedCherry, Kendra. Intimacy Versus Isolation. About. N.p., 2014. Web. 4 may 2014. . secondJones, Cheryl. individuation and Adolescents How Adults evoke Help. NCYL. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2014. . fifthLuyckx, Koen, et al. Time Perspective and Identity Formation Short-Term Longitudinal Dynamics in College Students. N.d. MS. ThirdMcLeod, Saul. Erik Erikson. Simply Psychology. N.p., 2008. Web. 4 May 2014. . firstSen, Suvarna. ADOLESCENCE A PERIOD OF STRESS AND STRAIN. Mental health Reviews. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2014. . Fourth Erik Eriksons Adolescent Theory and James Joyces A Portrait of the ArEach experience and interaction has an effect on the development of the person as an adult and shapes them into the personality and even physical appearance they will take on as they mature. Those with the strongest influence, namely family, religious figures, and others whom one comes in frequent contact with will have the greatest effect on a developing being. It is between the stage of childhood and adulthood that the most change takes place. This position, called adolescence, is the state of a person coming of age yet not comp letely independent, it is this state that the psychologist Erik Eriksons adolescent theory becomes prominent. Erikson was an ego psychologist. He emphasized the role of culture and society and the conflicts that can take place within the ego itself.(McLeod) It is Eriksons theory that brought about the thought of an identity crisis that occurs in this stage of life. According to Eriksons thought of identity diffusion there are four major components intimacy, diffusion of time perspective, diffusion of industry, and negative identity. These can each be found in James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man as each of these factors are clearly represented in the novel. The first component mentioned by Erikson is the notion of intimacy which is shown through the relations taking place between the main character of Artist and his sexual partners in his adolescence. In the novel the main character, Stephen, begins as a young catholic boy who is then put through school and as his fa mily begins to lose money he must be removed to a less expressive school so his father can continue to pay the tuition fees for his education. Stephen becomes increasingly embarrassed by his family situation and the ... ...my identity, who I want to be, and what my values are. Works CitedCherry, Kendra. Intimacy Versus Isolation. About. N.p., 2014. Web. 4 May 2014. . secondJones, Cheryl. Identity and Adolescents How Adults Can Help. NCYL. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2014. . fifthLuyckx, Koen, et al. Time Perspective and Identity Formation Short-Term Longitudinal Dynamics in College Students. N.d. MS. ThirdMcLeod, Saul. Erik Erikson. Simply Psychology. N.p., 2008. Web. 4 May 2014. . firstSen, Suvarna. ADOLESCENCE A PERIOD OF STRESS AND STRAIN. Mental Health Reviews. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2014. . Fourth

An Analysis of Edgar Allan Poes Annabel Lee Essay -- Annabel Lee Essa

An AnalysisofEdgar Allan Poes Annabel Lee In deportment, as in death, Edgar Allan Poe elicited a feeling of sympathy from his readership. Those who knew him well considered him deep, mysterious and contemplative thus, coupled with the copious tragedies he suffered throughout his life, especially the loss of his first wife Virginia, it is hands-down to understand how the author brings out the theme of Annabel Lee through personal/setting imagery, repetition of words and rhythm/rhyme. Annabel Lee honors the memory of Poes deceased wife, Virginia. passim the poem, his use of personal imagery helps the reader to grasp the intense feelings of loss he continues to experience long after her passing. The setting imagery is critical to this particular(a) literary piece, in that it is through setting that one gains a significantly better realization of his anguish. A passage from what came to be the last poem create verbally by Poe before his death illustrates his tormentThe angels, not half so happy in heaven, went envying her and me- Yes - That was the reason (as all men know, In this kingdom by the sea) That the wind came out of the cloud by night, Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.But our love it was stronger by far than the love Of those who were older than we- Of many far wiser than we- And neither the angels in heaven above, Nor the demons down under the sea, Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.No matter his efforts, Poe just could not search to shake the loss of Virginia. He especially had difficulty forgetting her final days, watching her cough up blood and slowly dies of tuberculosis. He could not even buckle under a blanket or handful of coal with wh... ...nd but elusive subtleties. To be sure, Poe was a writer who incorporated a significant amount of blatancy duration also implying considerable obscurity. This dichotomy has served to be the cornerstone of the authors works, which have successfully stood the test of time. And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side Of my darling- my darling- my life and my bride, In the sepulchre there by the sea, In her tomb by the sounding sea. Without question, Annabel Lee provides a unique insight into the relationships among theme, rhythm and imagery. Also unequivocal within the very essence of the story is the manner in which it illustrates the compassion inherent within such a master composer as the troubled Edgar Allan Poe. full treatment CitedPoe, Edgar Allan. ?Annabel Lee.? The Book of Living Verse. Ed. Louis Untermeyer. New York Harcourt, 1939.

President Wilson in the Twentieth Century :: Essays Papers

President Wilson in the Twentieth Century President Woodrow Wilson was an early twentieth century hot seat that held a large amount of power. Not only did he require extreme power in the United States, but he made most-valuable decisions based on his own personal beliefs and ideas that effected the world. President Wilson was geniunely concerned by the sufferings of humans. Wilson felt that his role in office was to serve the public as best he could. Contrary to popular belief he was not the machine-like psychotic, so many people make him out to be. In his inaugural speech, prone in March 1913, he stated, This is a not a day of triumph, it is a day of dedication. Here muster, not the forces of party, but the forces of humanity. Mens police van wait upon us mens lives hang in the balance mens hopes call upon us to say what we allow do. Who shall live up to the great trust? Who dares fail to try? I summon all honest men, all patriotic, all forward-looking men, to my sid e. God helping me, I will not fail them, if they will but counsel and sustain me. This was the attitude that Wilson carried out all of his activities with. He jumped into the Presidency with complete dedication. He truly love the executive responsibility. The outlines of Wilsons presidential character could not be clearer. He did not just work hard, he slaved away, often to point of complete exhaustion. In letters to his lady friends, one can see the determination and sense of drive that Wilson exemplifies. I work hard, of course (the amount of work a president is expected to do, but it is not that that tells on a fellow. Its the anxiety attending the handling of... affairs in which you seem to be touching quicksilver...I have been under a terrible strain as I have undergone ever since Congress convened in April, (Barber 65). This dedication carried everywhere to people all over the world. Another powerful move for Wilson was the Fourteen Points. One aspect was a proposal to end secret treaties. Therefore, European couldnt go behind severally others backs in time of war. The second point was freedom of the seas. This was that no one could control the oceans.

DuBois and Black Nationalism Essay -- essays research papers

DuBois and Black nationalismThe Epigraph The colored people are coming to face the fact quite calmly that most white Americans do not like them, and are planning neither for their survival, nor their definite future W.E.B. DuBois A Negro Nation within the NationThe Premise Black nationalism is a pragmatic solution for the success and survival of the oppressed African Americans. The ArgumentBlack Nationalism is defined by Karenga, as the political look and practice of African Americans as a distinct people with a distinct historical personality who politically should develop structures to define, defend, and develop the interests of Blacks as a people. Black Nationalism can be traced back to the 18th century, back to William Edward Burghardt DuBois, the most prominent black intellectual of all time. Black Nationalism is the resolution of African Americans to the continual racism and oppression they experience. It came about because of two reasons the racism that they faced daily, and being exploited economically by white supremacy. Black Nationalism seeks a solution to the problems that African Americans face on a daily basis.After the Civil War, the situation of the black people was not good it was a semi-free, semi-slave situation. An example of this is tenancy, where the Blacks have control of the work process and work schedule but ultimately had to give up the fruits...

The Americanization of Puerto Rico :: American History

The Americanization of Puerto RicoWhen island inhabitants first heard that Americans were planning on invading Puerto Rico and driving out Spains rulers, Puerto Ricans welcomed the unification Americans to their home. (To view an in-progress work dealing with the Spanish-American War from a pro-colonial expansion point of view, visit this site/ For an objective historical account view this site). The Puerto Ricans were tired of non having a voice in politics and government and with the knowledge that America was a democracy, there was hope that this status quo would change. Although Puerto Ricans felt sentiments of fear at the arrival of the Americans, this did not curb their welcoming and enabling the American invasion. Unfortunately, the outcome of the invasion was not as positive as was thought it would be. During early U.S. rule, Puerto Ricans still were not included in the majority of governmental relations, and as with Spaniards, Americans who were sent to rule in Puerto R ico had never been there before and were ignorant about the history, culture, Spanish language, etc. Basically, Puerto Rico continued being ruled by foreigners who sought to complete their own interests, as opposed to looking to what atomic number 18 the interests of the nation they are invading and ruling. A cogent metaphor in Ferrs novel for the unrequited hopes that Puerto Rico had when United States invaded is Tony Torres, who is supposedly going to dance in Kerenskis adaptation of thread Lake and Firebird . The people who lived in Machuelo Abajo reacted to the news of Tony with respect and excitement. In my view, the initial reactions of Machuelo Abajos young people, were on a smaller scale, comparable to the reaction of Puerto Ricans, especially the elite, to the proposed American invasion. Here is a sample of the reaction to Tonys being selected as Prince in the ballet schools production The young people in Machuelo Abajo saw him as a hero it was the first time anyone from the slums had ever danced at La Perla or taken part in any way in any of its comely cultural events. When posters advertising the performance, with Tonys picture, appeared all over town-affixed to the telephone poles and to the walls of buildings and to fences-the people of Manchuelo Abajo took them down, framed them, and hung them in their living rooms. (Ferr, p. 170) The Puerto Ricans, especially upper class, regarded the United States as the most effective democracy in the world.

The Americanization of Puerto Rico :: American History

The Americanization of Puerto anti-racketeering lawWhen island inhabitants first heard that Americans were planning on invading Puerto Rico and driving out Spains rulers, Puerto Ricans welcomed the North Americans to their home. (To view an in-progress earn dealing with the Spanish-American War from a pro-colonial expansion point of view, visit this site/ For an objective historical account view this site). The Puerto Ricans were tired of not having a region in politics and government and with the knowledge that America was a democracy, there was hope that this status quo would change. Although Puerto Ricans felt sentiments of fear at the arrival of the Americans, this did not ascertain their welcoming and enabling the American invasion. Unfortunately, the outcome of the invasion was not as positive as was thought it would be. During early U.S. rule, Puerto Ricans still were not included in the majority of governmental relations, and as with Spaniards, Americans who were sent t o rule in Puerto Rico had never been there before and were ignorant about the history, culture, Spanish language, etc. Basically, Puerto Rico continued being ruled by foreigners who sought to complete their own interests, as opposed to looking to what are the interests of the nation they are invading and ruling. A cogent metaphor in Ferrs novel for the unrequited hopes that Puerto Rico had when United States invaded is Tony Torres, who is supposedly going to dance in Kerenskis adaptation of Swan Lake and Firebird . The pack who lived in Machuelo Abajo reacted to the news of Tony with respect and excitement. In my view, the initial reactions of Machuelo Abajos young people, were on a smaller scale, comparable to the reaction of Puerto Ricans, especially the elite, to the proposed American invasion. Here is a sample of the reaction to Tonys being selected as Prince in the ballet schools production The young people in Machuelo Abajo saw him as a hero it was the first time anyone from the slums had ever danced at La Perla or taken part in any way in any of its elegant cultural events. When posters advertising the performance, with Tonys picture, appeared all over town-affixed to the telephone poles and to the walls of buildings and to fences-the people of Manchuelo Abajo took them down, framed them, and hung them in their living rooms. (Ferr, p. 170) The Puerto Ricans, especially upper class, regarded the United States as the most powerful democracy in the world.

Motivation Theories Essay

The motivation theory that I am in most proportionateness with would be the Diversity deal point. We as humans are motivated by a variety of assorted things every individual is unique and has diametrical goals, purposes, perspectives and ways of life for one another. This means that one persons drive for victory and success will be different from another. The Diversity view makes me believe that it is impossible for individuals to have a small set of basic motivations and needs within their human air and experiences. Diversity puts into clear view that everyone has and faces different motivations, drives, needs, goals, perspectives, and purposes for what they want bulge of life. In modern day people live their life and are determined to better their future from their gone. This means that the past that I have already lived is what created the path, walkway, stepping stones for who I want to be fill out in the future and, what I plan on accomplishing in life. I live for this be lief because it is the motive why I do what I am doing today. The plan that I thought I was destined to take three days ago power have been altered today, and I might have to found a new path to follow. As an adult me and everyone else remembers their childhood this is part of life that cannot be avoided.Later in life when we become parents we might or might not incorporate how we were treated and acted as children into our parenting skills. Often we will use our past experiences to set example to our child why they should or should not do something. This is so that we can teach them the right thing to do in legitimate situations. As we live our daily lives one day at a time, we tent to piece together our memories of events in our past and develop thoughts of what is soon to come in our future. After discussing Diversity my most agreed motivation theory we get to my least agreed one which is Psychoanalytical. I cannot find a item-by-item thing on this motivation theory that I agr ee with. I believe us as humans are the cause of our own actions, and we should be held at fault for them. I believe individuals have to seize control of their life taking responsibility for their actions.Every action that takes place because of human manner cannot be determined and know by something we have no control over. We as humans do as we please with developed human behavior because we have no boundaries to stop us (realistic). We are in control of our own life and create our own fate (future). We as individuals chose what we want out of life, and how we will obtain it. There are howeverunavoidable twist of fates that are created due to another person like murder, car accidents, plane crashes, and exedra. The nett claim of my disagreement is we as humans are greedy never satisfied with what we have in life, we always want more. That is what either makes us or breaks us in life thus creating who we are and for what purpose we are that person for.

Marketing strategy of Danone Essay

SummaryAfter the market research of manufacture and generic yoghurt injurys in Spain we came to a decision that the best three stags are Carrefour, Danone and Carrefour Discount in the formn sanctify. One of the main attributes for the Carrefours first place was the balance among low price and good quality with attractive packaging even though Danone was the market leader when concerning the market share. The aim of the marketing strategy for Danone is to amass endure the market share it has lost during the grades 2007 to 2013 and how Danone can adapt to the stinting situation without damaging its premium brand position.SWOT of Danone in SpainWe dogged to institute Danones SWOT to determine its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in Spain. By the analysis we named action that can be done in the future(a) in order to increase the market share of Danone.Strength quality (packaging, structure of the yoghurt, word form of crossing line sanitary known for its g ood quality and fit products ontogenesis of wise products & innovation advertising (attracts kids) known brand web page discount + agreements with the shops strong financial situation a number of CSR activities and hatchways to benefit and sustainment the stakeholders Weaknesses proud pricing strategy (premium brand) competition from big competitors in e genuinely segment, which means limited market share for Danone presence of many competitors means high brand switchingOpportunities the market of healthy products is growing using discount coupons street marketing & viral marketing cooperation with Kelloggs re in the rawable packaging acquisitions and mergers new-made placement of healthy productsThreats economic crisis rising popularity of generics increase in cost of raw materials acquisition by competitor though competition3 StrengthsAs a market leader in terms of market share, Danones products present many strengths, and the brand continues to improve those strengths all t he time. Indeed, in terms of quality, Danones products are the best in Spanish market with healthy, tasty and good structured products. Moreover, with a unique attractive packaging, Danone stands out from the other brands on the market. The variety of its product lines give Danone the strength to meet perfectly the demand. In this elbow room the brand can respond to all the customers needs, in accordance with the different prat groups, wants and customers tastes.All the products can be seen on the web page http//www.danone.es/Producto/danone/.UxzBm3kh5GMMoreover, the come with is foc apply on research and development, and in this way concentrates a large type of its work on development of new products and innovation. This aspect makes Danone a brand concerned about the future and its consumers future needs. This is why today Danone is a brand with a worldwide reputation, well known by most of the people, and an example for other food-processing industry brands. In addition to t hat, Danone has webpage discounts and agreements with shops which push new clients to buy and present-day(prenominal) clients to buy more.Finally, Danones advertising represents an important strength for the company because they have strong marketing campaigns. This way, the brand catches all customers attention depending on the target endorsed. Advertising variates depending on the product line and the main targetmarket. For example, many of the brands advertisings are focused on kids and their needs, which is making the products for kids very attractive. At the same time Danone is giving valuable attributes for parents to make the final decision to actually buy the product especially when it comes to the healthiness or a daily need of certain vitamins and calcium. Moreover, their advertisements are brilliant to attract new clients for their different product lines.4 WeaknessesHigh pricing strategy can be considered as a weakness for Danone when considering the economical situatio n. As a premium brand Danone has a label of a better and more expensive product that can drive customers to consume generic brand products. Moreover, Danone has permanent competition from big competitors, like Kraft Foods or Nestl, in every segment, and Danones gross revenue decline compared to those competitors. Finally, the presence of many competitors means high brand switching, which can represent an important weakness for Danone.5 OpportunitiesDanone is a well known brand with a bully reputation worldwide that implies plenty of opportunities in the Spanish market. People are more health concerned than ever, and this trend is making its way to the Spanish culture as well. As mentioned before, Danone has a large product line where healthy products such as Actimel and Pro yoghurts with added protein. Especially in Spain where the last is good and the so called bikini season is longer because of the warm weather, people tend to take more care of their body conformity and health iness, which enables Danone to promote and snitch its innovative and health concerned products to Spanish people. In addition as shown in the graft below, the demand of yoghurt is increasing twelvemonth by year meaning that customers are go forthing to consume such products.5.1 Discount couponsOne of the main weaknesses of Danone is the high pricing strategy that can make customers turn away(p) to consume generic brand products. Thereby Danone could start using discount coupons temporarily. The coupons would be placed as part of the packaging with a 10% discount. Discounts leave alone not be able to be combined with other discounts and it could be used in the next leveraging of any Danone products. The main idea is to give a small discount to lower the threshold for purchase without actually decreasing the real price. At the same time this kind of discount coupons creates a continuous circle of purchase and creates stronger customer relation for the products.The real difference of the price would not be significant regarding to the loss of revenues of Danone but would give added observe for the customer to consume Danone products. Since Danone would not lower the real prices but use this kind of discount, it would not harm Danones premium brand status.5.2 Street and viral marketingSpanish culture is used to the street marketing and handing out flyers especially in the bigger cities as Madrid. Instead of giving tasting of the Danone products in the supermarkets, it could be a great opportunity for Danone to place a stand into a centric place of a big city, give tastings and share knowledge especially about the healthy products. Thereby Danone can make its most innovative and special products familiar to the new customers. In addition, Danone could advertise its loyalty federation that offers plenty of discounts.To use all the sources of street marketing it would be effective to create something catchy that people would be able to make viral. It could be a small competition, flash mob or a game where customers can be active and be part of Danone.In addition, it is often forgotten or unknown that Danone is paying high attention to environmental issues and acts socially responsible. Therefore street marketing gives Danone an opportunity to communicate with customers and show the great work buns its products. This kind of positiveinformation is likely to leave a mark to the customers and make them consume Danones products in the future.5.3 New placementDanone offers healthy products and concentrates its forward motion on that aspect. This is why we decided to gather some healthy products in specific places, on the first hand. For example, we want to place healthy products, especially products with purposeless protein, in sport clubs, to familiarize sport-people who like having a snack after their training, with the brand, and to convince them to eat healthy products. On the second hand we want to puddle special machines in private universities to spread Danones products. In this way, we distribute healthy product to young people, who are more concerned by the healthy trend than people of the older generations.5.4 Recyclable PackagingIt is true that recyclable packagings may be seen as a new concept. Nevertheless, it is a necessary one. Materials such as plastic, glass, metal, cardboard or paper may be reduced. To replace this, some alternative products may be used but still maintaining perceptual constancy and quality. It is an economic benefit, every stage of the recyclable packaging offers potential savings that can make a great contribution to the environmental protection. Besides the economic factor, it also encourages low energy production technologies, reduced transportations and waste minimization.After this analysis we may ask ourselves, what about Danone? We recommend a packaging in green color, which will have a resemblance with the environment. In this packaging the consumer will be able to visua lize written facts about the ecosystem, as well as quotes about nature. To increase the interest in the product an extra souvenir will be provided, a disposable spoon in the shape of a leave, this will be attractive to our customers eyes. In this way we can differentiate ourselves from the market and mostly, from our direct competitors.5.5 Association with Kelloggs5.5.1 Kelloggs Brand diagnosingParent Company KelloggsCategory Food processingSector Food and beveragesTagline/ Slogan Bring out best to youUSP First company to enter into readymade caryopsis eat segmentSegment Food- cereal breakfast and beveragesTarget Group Family and children looking for healthy tasty breakfastPositioning Healthy and tasty breakfastProduct Portfolio Brands 1. Corn Flakes2. Coco Pops3. Chocos4. All-Bran5. Krave6. Frosted Flakes7. Froot Loops8. Special K9. Eggo10.Fiber Plus11.CrispixKelloggs main competitors1. Quaker2. Post3. General mills4. Torto5. Tilo6. Uncle Sam7. cuddle8. Cadbury9. Famili a5.5.2 Kelloggs SWOT AnalysisStrengths1. Geographic Diversity The companys products are marketed and sold in more than 180 countries around the world the company will not be seriously hurt by economic problems exclusive to one market or country2. Great marketing initiative through various campaigns3. Kelloggs small intensifys big differences earth day celebration4. Fighting hunger initiative with Walmart5. Kelloggs heart healthy picking6. Has a global workforce of over 30,0007. High brand awareness and top of the mind breakfast cereal brand globally 9. Solid tax Growth Kellogg reported revenue representing year over year annual growth of 3.89%, a stable and secure rate that is projected to sustain into the future 10. Brand Loyalty Kelloggs iconic red logo can be found on the majority of the cereal boxes in your local supermarket, and drives customers back again and againWeaknesses1. Saturation of Market Kelloggs products are already in nearly every market around the world, so the re is tiny room left for geographical expansion 2. Some products are high in sugar contentOpportunities1. Development of distribution channels in other countries with help of other company2. Change in lifestyle of consumers , lack of time increase consumption of ready-made-food3. Tie-up with restaurants and hotels4. Product Innovation Kellogg has for years innovated and created new brands and products, and further product innovation is probable and should fuel sales growthThreats1. Increasing competition in readymade breakfast segment2. Food regulations by organisation3. Due to the increase of white labels and store brands, consumers have a lot more choices and a lower price segment to choose from.4. Strong competitors5.5.3 verbal description of the strategy consisting in associating with KelloggsAfter this wide market research of Kelloggs company, we came to a conclusion that an association with Kelloggs to launch a new product would be a great enrichment for both Danone and Kell oggs. Indeed, Kelloggs believes that with every morning comes a new beginning. The company believes that when we start with a great breakfast, great things can happen. Thats why they make more of the foods that we and our family know, trust and enjoy. A variety of great-tasting, good for our favourites that get us going so that we can make the most of every moment. That is how Kelloggs will bring additional quality, taste and power to our brand.5.5.4 Marketing mix of the new productProduct4-pack Danone yoghurt with Kelloggs cereals attached to the yoghurt. On one side, Danone yogurt, on the other, Kelloggs cereals. It offers cereal lovers an alternative to milk.PeopleThis product is directed towards health-conscious consumers, family andchildren looking for healthy, tasty and quality breakfast.Price2,30 / 4-pack yoghurts mooringDanones distribution strategy is to always be available to everyone. This means the products are distributed widely, in a variety of stores and locations so that its easy for customers to purchase it, everywhere. Danone guarantees easy accessibility thanks to a great network of distributors. Their products are available in numerous supermarkets all over spain such as Mercadona, Dia, Carrefour, Eroski, crack core, etc.PromotionFor the promotion of this new product, Danone (and Kelloggs) will penetrate the consumers mind using the following means1) Television Commercials2) Social Media (Facebook and YouTube)3) Discount coupons4) RadioDanones promotion strategy is also known for using strategic ways to expose their products in supermarkets, so this strategy will of course be used as well for the new product.5.5.5 ConclusionWith this strategy, the launching of a new yoghurt/cereal product, Danone wants to contribute to the development of the consumption of ultra-fresh products at breakfast. This product will be introduced as a trial in the first place. If this product turns out to be a success, we will widen this product line by introducin g new flavors of this type of yoghurt with cereals, such as strawberry, vanilla, chocolate, etc. Another expansion of this new line could as well be Kelloggs unsullied cereals coated with Danone yoghurt.ThreatsAs mentioned before the economic crisis give a challenge for premium brand as Danone. There can be seen a change of consumption where the low price goes over the quality of the product. Therefore generic brand are gaining more and more market share. Year by year there the prices of the raw materials tend to increase which gives an extra challenge for producers to keep the final price customer friendly but still get revenues.

Views of Christianity and Islam Towards Trade

Christianity and Islam are two of the most practiced religions in the world, and have been for centuries. These two faiths are both mo nonheistic, which means they worship one God, or Allah. Started over 2000 years ago, Christianity is based on the teachings and liveness of rescuer Christ and was spread throughout the Roman Empire. The religion of Islam began early in 600 C. E. by the seer Muhammad, and he spread the word of Allah. These religions spread quickly in Europe and the Middle East. As they progressed, new trading routes came to the highest degree in these areas.Overtime, Christianity and Islam developed opinions about the trading and businesses activity and the great deal who pursued it. According to the religions holy books, the Bible and Quran, their plentys on look at were different at first. Christians believed that people should not trade for it was not the pursuit of man. Muslims were much much than tolerant of trade, as long as merchants were honest in the ir bargaining. By 1000 C. E, both the religions attitudes towards trade had changed completely. Christian scholars began to teach that honest trade was acceptable, while Muslim scholars saw the danger that trade brought to a mans soul.By the 15th century, attitudes towards trade had even out more drastic change once again. Christianity espoused that trade was encouraged and worthy, while Muslims believed merchants were corrupt. When the two religions first began, Christianity and Islam differed at first on their views concerning trade. As stated in the Christian Bible, it is almost impossible for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God ( memorandum 1). For Christians, at first they had to live a humble life without making any clears.Its said that it was easier for a camel to go through the eye of a unavoidablenessle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God. As for Muslims this differed because in the Quran, men were allowed to trade as long as they were honest said in document 2. If the two parties speak the truth and make it manifest, their transaction shall be blessed, and if they conceal and tell and lie, the blessing of their transaction shall be obliterated. This means that if two people trade fairly amongst each early(a) without cheating, then nothing is unseasonable according to the Islam beliefs.If one of the men are cheated, then their business will be wiped out. The point of document 1 was that Jesus was a poor man, thusly his followers lived up to being poor as well. When Christianity started, Christians believed that in order to go to heaven, they must live a poor and humble life, like Jesus did. The same logic applies for Muslims in document 2, whos founder Muhammed was a wealthy merchant. In document two, the author is supporting merchants and saying that they will be accepted by Allah as long as they are truthful.Muslims strongly believed that it was okay to be a wealthy merchant as long you are honest, like Muhammed. Therefor e, the two religions were at first different because Christianity had negative views toward trade while Islam was for it and they were alike because the reason for their views both traced back to their founders. In documents four and five, the view points of Christians and Muslims toward trade began to change. Christians, who were at first against trade and becoming wealthy from it, now say that it is okay to trade as long as you are honest.Stated in document four, No man should sell a thing to another man for more than its worth. This is saying that for men to do business with one another, they must not sell things for more than they are worth, or in other words scam each other. While Christian scholars are becoming more lenient towards trade than they were when the religion started, Islamic scholars are becoming more strict. Muslims now believe that selling things for a profit, even if it is honest, is inevitably affecting the soul. These qualities champion to a decrease and wea kening in virtue and manliness, (document five).The Islam look on trade now sees that the methods that trade employs are tricks aimed at making a profit by securing the difference between buying and selling prices. The two religions, however, are still somewhat similar because they both believe that trading for large simoleons can eventually lead to corruption of the soul. Views of trade by Christians and Muslims yet continued to change even further in documents six and seven. It seems in document six as if Christians were being encouraged to trade as long as it involved God.Religious paintings of Our Lady were being asked for, therefore Christians now want people to trade. Also in document six it is stated that, You hunch forward God has granted you to acquire great riches in this world, may He be praised. It is now expected for Christian merchants to trade and use God while doing so. Overtime you can see the change on the views of trade, because at first Christians did not want anyone making a large profit. As for Muslims, merchants are loosing money from trading. In document seven, Sakaoglu Nasuh is an example of how over time the commerce activity has change his ethical customs. The aforementioned has now acted contrary to the old custom. This is because he is buying all the cotton yarn and selling them for higher prices. Hence, not giving the other merchants a fair opportunity to buy and sell the cotton as well. This is going against what the Islam religion believed, which is business activities are acceptable as long as you are not taking advantage of others. The Islamic Court probably said this is document seven because they wanted to please the people and let them know that merchants must obey.The two religions continue to differ in these documents because Christians are now persuading people to trade, while Islam trading is becoming monopolized. However, Christianity and Islam are still alike in which they both use religion as an example. The att itudes of Christianity and Islam towards trade and merchants differed. When the two religions first began, they had opposite views from each other. Christians saw trade and wealth as being farthest from God and it was not approved. Muslims, on the other hand, tolerated trade as long as the two parties were honest and no one was taken advantage of.Later on, these views changed when Christians became more lenient and also accepted honest trade. Muslims then saw trade as inevitably affecting the soul when merchants became corrupt by outbidding other merchants. However, we would need additional documents such as documents from the common people in order to asses the consequences of the merchant activities. We do not know how the Christians or Muslims commoners viewed the trading business, therefore, we cannot fully empathise all aspects of the religions towards it.

Deviant Act Project: Visit to a Grocery Store

For my act of deviance I chose to go to a grocery store and attempt to hand for my groceries ignoring the profligate at the checkout counter. So one day I went to my local grocery store. After filling my shopping cart I headed towards checkout argona. The closer I was getting there, the more vulnerable and hesitant felt. I was almost ready to give up this whole Idea when I got to the phone gunstock, precisely then I heard Next person In line from a cashier on the right who has Just opened her checkout station. I quickly pushed my cart to that register and noticed a person (who was next in line to check UT) also going to that saucilyly-opened register.I got there faster and put down my beginning(a) item on the counter. Nobody said anything to me. Several other people from the line moved to this cash register and formed a new line. I was putting my groceries on the counter. In the middle of me taking the groceries out of the cart I looked at the person standing next in line a fter me. This was a middle-aged woman. With a frown on her face she stared straight back at me but did not say anything. I bring in also noticed that a person behind her was staring too. They both were not Just looking at e, they were staring in disapproval. I but smiled and turned back.I made sure I took my time at the register I had a lot of groceries in my cart. I paid and left. Waiting line itself has been recognized to be a social system. The leading rule for this social system Is the First In First Out (FIFO) rule and all Intrusions are deviations from the norm. (Allan, Gad and Hanna, Reran. 2010. Cutting in Line Social Norms in Queues. ) When sojourning in line, we expect people also to wait their turn. When roughone decides to cut in line they violate a social norm. All those people In line must have en interested in enforcing conformity to the norm.Nobody likes to wait in lines and I am sure that they all would prefer to check out and leave the store faster. They clearl y saw that I have Jumped the line but those stares and a frown were the only sanctions I have got for breaking the norm. I did not feel comfortable breaking the norm. It was hard to predict how precisely people would react to me and what kind of sanctions I would have to face. I am not sure what I would do if I got sanctioned in some other way, other than getting those stares and a frown. I dont know If I would Just tell the truth about my school assignment or if I would try to Justify my actions by lying.Now, if somebody would try to behave the same way in a country, where lines etiquette is different or does not exist at all, than this behavior would not be normal for people in a queue to let an old person go and check out first and not wait in line. Also, there was an example in our text book where author told us about his experience at one of the African countries where people would Just push or shove toward the ticket man if they needed to buy a ticket for a bus or train. (Hei nlein, pile M. 2011. Essentials of Sociology. A Down-to-Earth Approach. )

Financial Polynominal Essay

For this assignment the following in instructions are to complete(a) and review the example of how complete the mat required for the assignment. To solve the problem 90 on page 304 of Elementary and Intermediate Algebra and to be sure that all steps of the squaring of the binominal and multiplication on with any simplification that might be used. Evaluate the polynomial resulting from step 1 usingP= $ two hundred and R=10%, andAlso withP=5670 and R= 3.5%Complete problem 70 on 311 page on Elementary and Intermediate Algebra show all steps of the division then curb words like foil, like terms, descending order, dividend, and divisor. riddle 1P (1+r/2)2P (1+r/2)*(1+ r/2)P 1 + r/2 +r/2 + r2 /4P (1+ r + r2/4) Let P + $200 and R = 10%Convert 10% to a decimal which is 10/100 = .1200* (1 + .1 + .12 /4)200 + (200* .1) + (200 * .01/4) =200+ 20+ .5 =220.5So you would make 20.5 dollars in the first year and the second year yourtotal account balance would be $ 243.10Problem 2Let P = 5670 and r = 3.5 %Convert 3.5 % to a decimal 35/1000 = .035P (1 + r +r2 /4)5670* (1 + .035 + .03/4 52)5670 + (5670 * .035) + (5670 * .00123/4) =5670 + 198.45+1.74 = 5870.19Problem 3In this problem we follow the rules of normal division and exponents division Since the exponent in the divisor -3 xs is positive we will subtract on x from x 3 and that will become x2. So, now that we have 32 the process is the same with the entire exponent in the equation. (-933 +32- 15) / (-3x)(-93/-3x) + (3x/-3x) (15x/-3x)32 x +5This equation cannot be Foil, because it is a quadratic equation.

Hilda Black Tax Letter

Interest Charges Dear Mrs Black Thank you for your phone call in regards to your concern about the interest penalties and charges from the IRS regarding the bonds you exchange in last April during tax time. I write you this letter to inform you that I am unable to pay these fines, as explained in this letter. Last April, you called and sociable asked if rolling funds over room one retirement fund to another Is considered a tax event.When doing this type of transaction, if done within 60 days, Is not considered a tax event. When these funds are drawn to supplement retirement income, taxes are paid on the portion representing interest earned. On the contrary, bonds are not the same type of transaction as retirement accounts In terms of Interest paid during tax time. Unfortunately, the IRS requires that taxes be paid on interest make and/or capital main the April following cashing In these bonds.The $1 ,309. 72 In taxes and penalties you are receiving are from cashing In the bonds we spoke of last year. I am not In a position where I am liable for these charges, and apologize for any confusion from our talk last year. I value you as my client, and strive for the best relationship possible. If I can be of any help In communication with the IRS, or If you have any questions before or during next tax season, please do not hesitate to call me. Sincerely, Alyssa Hill

“Genocide is the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.” (Genocide) Essay

IntroductionIn 1994 Rwanda experienced the worst racial extermination in modern times. The Rwandan Genocide was a genocidal mass slaughter of the Tutsis by the Hutus that took place in 1994 in the East African state of Rwanda. It is considered the most organized racial extermination of the 20th century.Over the course of approximately 100 days (from the assassination of Juvenal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira on April 6 through mid-July) over 500,000 people were killed, according to a humans Rights Watch estimate. Estimates of the death toll have ranged from 500,0001,000,000, or as much as 20% of the countrys total population. It was the culmination of longstanding heathenal competition and tensions between the minority Tutsi, who had controlled power for centuries, and the majority Hutu peoples, who had come to power in the rebellion of 195962. (Rwandan Genocide) History between the Hutu and Tutsi peopleIn 1990, the Rwandan superpatriotic Front, a rebel group composed mostly o f Tutsi refugees, invaded northern Rwanda from Uganda in an attempt to defeat the Hutu-led government. They began the Rwandan Civil War, fought between the Hutu regime, with backing from Francophone Africa and France, and the Rwandan Patriotic Front, with support from Uganda.This exacerbated ethnic tensions in the country. In response, many Hutu gravitated toward the Hutu Power(Rwandan Genocide), an ideology propounded by Hutu ultra, with the prompting of state-controlled and indep stopent Rwandan media. As an ideology, Hutu Power asserted that the Tutsi intended to subjugate the Hutu and must be resisted at all costs. Continuing ethnic strife resulted in the rebels displacing large numbers of Hutu in the north, plus periodic localized Hutu cleanups of Tutsi in the south. outside(a) pressure on the Hutu-led government of Juvenal Habyarimana resulted in a cease-fire in 1993. He planned to implement the Arusha Peace Agreement.(Rwandan Genocide) The assassination of Habyarimana in April 1994 fructify off a violent reaction, during which Hutu groups conducted mass killings of Tutsis (and also pro-peace Hutus, who were portrayed as traitors and collaborators).This racial extermination had been planned by members of the Hutu power group known as theAkazu ( Hutu extremist ) , many of whom occupied positions at top levels of the national government the genocide was supported and coordinated by the national government as well as by local military and civil officials and mass media.Alongside the military, primary responsibility for the killings themselves rests with two Hutu militias that had been organized for this purpose by political parties the Interahamwe and Impuzamugambi, although once the genocide was underway a great number of Hutu civilians took part in the murders. It was the end of the peace agreement. The Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front restarted their offensive, defeating the army and seizing control of the country.(Rwandan Genocide) Overview of the Rwa ndan Genocide with International ResponseAfter the Hutu presidents plane is gunned down on April 6. Hutu gunmen systematically start tracking down and killing moderate Hutu politicians and Tutsi leaders. The deputy to the U.S. ambassador in Rwanda tells capital letter that the killings involve not just political murders, but genocide. The U.S. decides to evacuate all Americans. Canadian General Romeo Dallaire, head of the U.N. peacekeeping force in Rwanda, is told by home base not to intervene and to avoid armed conflict. In the next few days, evidence mounts of massacres tar regaining ordinary Tutsis.Front page stories newspaper stories cite reports of tens of thousands dead and a pile of corpses six feet high outside a main hospital. Gen. Dallaire requests a doubling of his force to 5,000. Nearly 3,300 Americans, French, Italians and Belgians are evacuated by troops sent in from their countries. On April 15th Belgium withdraws its troops from the U.N. force after ten Belgian sol diers are slain. Embarrassed to be withdrawing alone, Belgium asks the U.S. to support a full pullout. Secretary of severalise Christopher agrees and tells Madeleine Albright, Americas U.N. ambassador, to demand complete withdrawal.She is opposed, as are some African nations. She pushes for a compromise a dramatic cutback that would leave a memento force in place. April 16th, The New York Times reports the shooting and hacking to death of some 1000 men, women and children in a church where they sought refuge. daytime 12, By this date, military personnel Rights Watch estimates the number of dead at 100,000 and calls on the U.N. Security Council to use the word genocide.Belgian troops leave Rwanda Gen.Dallaire is down to a force of 2,100. He will soon losecommunication lines to outlying welkins and will have only a satellite link to the outside world. By April 25th,Gen. Dallaire is down to 450 unequipped troops from developing countries. He works to protect some 25,000 Rwandans w ho are at places guarded by U.N. forces.He still hopes the Security Council will switch over its mind and send him forces while there is still time.(Ghosts of Rwanda) On May 1st a Defense Department discussion paper, prepared for a showdown of officials having day-to-day responsibility on the crisis, is filled with cautions about the U.S. becoming committed to taking action. The word genocide is a concern. Be careful.Legal at severalize was worried about this yesterday Genocide finding could commit the U.S. to actually do something.(Ghosts of Rwanda) Bureaucratic paralysis continues. Few African countries offer troops for the kick and the Pentagon and U.N. argue for two weeks over who will pay the costs of the APCs and who will pay for transporting them. It takes a full month before the U.S. begins sending the APCs to Africa.They dont arrive until July. Seven weeks into the genocide, President Clinton gives speech that restates his policy that humanitarian action anywhere in th e world would have to be in Americas national interestThe end of the superpower standoff lifted the lid from a cauldron of long-simmering hatreds. Now the entire global terrain is bloody with such conflicts, from Rwanda to Georgia.Whether we get involved in any of the worlds ethnic conflicts in the end must depend on the cumulative weight of the American interests at stake.(Ghosts of Rwanda) Eleven weeks into the genocide, with still no sign of a U.N. deployment to Rwanda, the U.N. Security Council authorizes France to unilaterally intervene in southwest Rwanda.French forces create a safe area in territory controlled by the Rwanda Hutu government. But killings of Tutsis continue in the safe area.(Ghosts of Rwanda) By July 17th, Tutsi RPF forces have captured Kigali. The Hutu government flees to Zaire, followed by a tide of refugees. The French end their mission in Rwanda and are replaced by Ethiopian U.N. troops. The RPF sets up an interim government in Kigali. Although disease and more killings claim additional lives in the refugee camps, the genocide is over.(Ghosts of Rwanda) Day 100An estimated 800,000 Rwandans have been killed.The AftermathIn anticipation of a Tutsi retaliation, approximately 2 million Hutus, participants in the genocide, and the bystanders, fled from Rwanda to Zaire (now called congo), Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda. Thousands of them died in disease epidemics frequent to the squalor of refugee camps, such as cholera and dysentery. The United States staged the Operation Support Hope airlift from July to September 1994 to stabilize the situation in the camps.(Rwandan Genocide) The armorial bearing of 2 million refugees in eastern Zaire helped destabilize the already weak country, whose corrupt president, Mobutu Sese Seko, allowed Hutu extremists among the refugee population to operate with impunity.In October 1996, Mobutus continued support of the Hutu militants led to an uprising by the ethnic Tutsi Banyamulenge people in eastern Zaire (supported politically and militarily by Rwanda), which marked the beginning of the First Congo War, and led to a return of more than 600,000 Hutu refugees to Rwanda during the last two weeks of November.This massive repatriation was followed at the end of December by the return of 500,000 more from Tanzania after they were ejected by the Tanzanian government. Various successor organizations to the Hutu militants operated in eastern DR Congo until May 22, 2009.(Rwandan Genocide) Mobutu was overthrown in May 1997, and Zaires new leader, Laurent Kabila, renamed the country the Democratic state of Congo.Kabilas relationship with his Rwandan allies quickly turned sour, and in August 1998 Tutsi rebel forces, supported by Rwanda and Uganda, launched another rebellion. This led to the Second Congo War, killing 5 million people from 1998 to 2004. Rwanda today has two public holidays commemorating the incident, with Genocide Memorial Day on April 7 marking the start, and Liberation Day on J uly 4 marking the end. The week following April 7 is designated an official week of mourning.One global impact of the Rwandan Genocide is that it served as impetus to the population of the International Criminal Court, so that ad hoc tribunals would not need to be created for future incidents of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.(Rwandan Genocide) Works Cited1.) Rwandan Genocide. Wikipedia. N.p., 20 Apr 2013. Web. 4 Sep 2013. . 2.) Genocide. New Oxford American Dictionary. 2008.3.) Ghosts of Rwanda. Frontine. PBS.org PBS, Chapel Hill, 04 Apr 2004. Web. 10 Sep 2013. ..

Multilateral vs bilateral diplomacy Essay

Governments need to develop planetary relations in contrary fields exchangeable security, and trade as sound as to determine the option of engaging in a bilateral or ten-sided theme with other countries with diplomacy. Bilateralism and multilateralism have permiters and detr encounterors however the multilateral approach has increased since the end of the secondly World state of war and thanks to the globalisation that affects all the countries around the world. In this way, the transnational intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) have become serious actors in global governance, cooperating in problem-solving acceptments and providing activities to shell global problems. IGOs can also be independent actors. Bilateralism is considered the aspect of the distri bution of powers between the parties, where the dominant clownish generally takes advantage, while multilateralism is viewed as relations that follow a pattern of principles.This paper give argue why countries prefer multilateral engagement done supranational organisations rather than bilateral one with other states. The first part of the essay will focus on the need of states to engage with others. The second part will give a broader definition of bilateralism and multilateralism, the principal(prenominal) strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The third part will cover the different character of multilateral organisations in diplomacy. Finally, the ordinal part will explain the advantages of the multilateralism that place it as the favorite(a) engagement among countries. Some examples and case studies will be used to remark this tendency. The essay however will finish with nearly challenges that the multilateralism approach face in the near future. Why countries need to engage with othersAs the whole society, countries cannot be isolated from the world, this fashion that they need to develop a foreign policy of how to weigh with others, negotiating their interests and solvi ng problems that can arise with the neighbours. This serve is named diplomacy (Wright 2011). discretion can be on an individual basis (bilateralism) or in groups of threesome or more (multilateralism) where states follow principles in their relationship. Asian countries rely in general in the first approach, stave European countries prefer the second one (Wright 2011). According to the global relations theory, states whitethorn create international law and international ecesiss, and may enforce the rules they codify. Nevertheless, these rules do not determine a state to act in a defined manner, but instead the underlying material interests and power relations. Institutions also may increase information about states behaviour diminishing the significant uncertainty of cooperation.Also, they can increase efficiency, reduce the transaction costs and providing a venue where states can meet as well as they countenance norms, practices and close making procedures to shape expecta tions and provide a quickly settle on a particular(prenominal) course of action. It is important to re extremity that states are configurations of individual and group interests that were constructed from mix of hi write up, ideas, norms, and beliefs and that project those interests into the international clay finished a particular kind of government (Slaughter 2011).Bilateralism and eight-sidedismBilateralism is a value-free concept, and the substance and output signal are uniformly to be driven by the relative power between the cardinal parties and, by extension, by the interests of the stronger party (Wright 2011). Bilateralism could be discriminatory if the powerful state tries to get the best deal according to its interests with other states on an individual and ad hoc basis as fiddling states depend on its markets. However, this approach could also bring benefits kindred the risk reduction since actions are controlled and the probability for reciprocal benefits is h igher(prenominal) (Wright 2011). Multilateralism, by contrast, organises relations between three or more states a vast a set of staple principles that lay out certain expectations of behaviour that all parties must agree to and abide by, including the strongest party (Wright 2011). The different challenges that states have faced in monetary value of security, peacekeeping, disease control, human rights violations, and pollution in the last fewer decades have demonstrated that these factors are complex and cannot be managed by a country or a group, no matter how powerful or effective it can be, it is a global issue (Powell 2003). insurance prescriptions of multilateral organisations seem to be intrusive in terms of state sovereignty, becoming difficult to agree and implement in most cases (Roberts 2009).Multilateralism background and global OrganisationsMultilateral cooperation origins can be traced a long way back with congresses and conferences, such as the coition of Westphal ia from 1644 to 1648, the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and the Congress of Paris in 1856. In terms of committees, the first ones were set up to deal with technical matters like the Commissions to regulate the Rhine, the Danube and other rivers. In 1874, the Universal Postal mating was created aft(prenominal) the Berne Conference to allow letters stamped and posted in one country could be transported and delivered in another. In terms of Peace, the firstly Hague Conference of 1899 and the Concert of Europe in from 1815 to 1914 were established. In 1919, after the First World War, the League of Nations appeared to publicize international cooperation and to achieve international peace and security. Finally, the united Nations was born in 1947 after the Second World War with wider aims open to all states (Roberts 2009, Wiseman & Basu, 2013).The international organisations can belong to universal multilateralism (United Nations UN), regional multilateralism (European Union EU), valu e-based multilateralism (North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO) or minilateralism (G20) or a mix of some approaches (Wright 2011). They have changed the theatrical performance from nation-state governments diplomatic to non-state diplomatic actors thank to their intent of diplomacy facilitation venue (Pigman 2010). Their participation model will transmute depending on their category. Universal multilateralism is open to all states without taking in account their geographic location, size or regime. The barriers of entry are relatively low but the states participation can be on one-state/one-vote basis (General fabrication of United Nations) or weighting vote in the basis of population, wealth or monetary contribution (International Monetary Fund IMF) (Wright 2011, Pigman 2010, Karns & Mingst 2013).The regional multilateralism focuses on policy coordination and cooperation among states in a specific geographic region while the values-based multilateralism relies on their ow n values in terms of security, economic or human rights matters. Finally, minilateralism allows a powerful state or a small group of states to convene a select group that is capable of acting in a timely manner and in a way that is proportionate to the challenge at hand. The participation in the regional multilateralism and the minilateralism is inclusive but depending on the institution andculture of the members can be majoritarian or consensus (Wright 2011, Pigman 2010, Karns & Mingst 2013). Multilateral engagement through international organisations International institutions (IGOs) can play a complementary role with states being the universal multilateralism ones the preferred thanks to the benefits granted to the members. States, most of the time, join the IGOs pursuing their national interests or to solve problems mainly in public goods, telecommunications, transportation among others (Karns & Mingst 2013). It is also said that IGOs can build up democracy enhancing domestic t horough mechanisms and strengthen the principle of reciprocity among countries allowing compensations or other ameliorative actions.IGOs also concede the opportunity to subdued general interests against special ones thanks to the public agendas, and disseminate important technical information that can be implemented and adapted according to the nations needs. Finally, IGOs have empowered societies protecting individual and minority rights, fostering incarnate deliberation or discussion and improving the participatory strands (Keohane, Macedo & Moravcsik 2009). The United Nations (UN) is the best known of the worlds universal institutions, and even when all countries are welcome, not all receive the same treatment (Wright 2011). The UN has at the moment 193 members and six principal organs the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice (ICJ), and the Secretariat, being the most important the General Assembly and the Security Council. The General Assembly allows each member state has one vote however its resolutions are non-binding in a lawful sense and only motivate governments to implement them.By contrary, in the case of the Security Council, the five enduring member countries (China, France, United Kingdom, Russian Federation and United States) has the right to veto, and together the other eleven members (elected for two years from the rest of UN members) can authorise to sanction and use the force to preserve or prepare peace between nations (Pigman 2010, Wiseman & Basu 2013). Even if this participatory approach could disappoint countries, the fact is that most of the members prefer the UN as their main form of Diplomacy thanks to the opportunity to present proposals, express discomfort or learn for help in specific issues. The UN, through its vast network composed by foundations, major university centres, constitute NGOs, UN associations, think tanks,institutes, and p rominent individuals, can seek for solutions, programs and activities (Wiseman & Basu 2013). In terms of peace negotiation and new states democracy, the UN has some successful stories as Namibia and east Timor.In the case of Namibia, in 1990, the African country of Namibia became the 160th member of the United Nations after a long process of patient and persistent efforts from the UN that could persuade South Africa to receive its colonial mandate in the territory. During Namibia transition, UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) consisting of people of 124 nationalities, almost 8,000 troops, and a civilian support and local staff of almost 2,000 worked for around one year to ensure the electoral process and admonisher the ceasefire between the South West Africa Peoples Organization and South African forces, and the withdrawal and demobilization of all military forces in Namibia (Johnson 2010). In East Timors independence, the UN also played an important role to end In donesias 24-year occupation. The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) was established to provide an integrated, 4-dimensional peacekeeping operation and was fully responsible for the administration of East Timor until 2002 when its transition to independence was completed.The entire al-Qaida required to ensure the prosperity of the new democracy was established, and it is told that the UNs involvement in this small, remote country goes back much further to the months after the brutal Indonesian invasion of December 1975, when a young, whiskered Timorese by the name of Jose Ramos Horta pleaded at the UN Security Council for international support (Head 2012). Until now, only examples of high administration (armed conflicts) have been given, however, the UN is also well-known for its support in low politics (socioeconomic factors as poverty and election scarcity) to its members (Wiseman & Basu 2013). Specialised economic agencies such as the UN Counci l on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the UN Educational, scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the International Labour Organisation (ILO) are in charge of much of the work (Pigman 2010). Important proposals have been raised in these topics, and countless programmes and projects have been kill in developing countries mainly.Examples are Mongolian microfinance plans that have helped this country to pass a centrally aforethought(ip)to a market-driven economy and have an average annual GDP growth rate of about 5 percent. In Bulgaria, a project named Beautiful Bulgaria focused on vocational training for the unemployed, training to small and medium enterprises, start-up financing for small businesses, renovating tourism sites, sporting facilities and playgrounds made possible in 2007 that Bulgaria was admitted to the European Union. The Danube River flows through many Eastern European coun tries before reaching the Black ocean. In terms of environment, the Black Sea and the Danube River Basin programme has given measurable improvement as countries collectively identified their transboundary problem and agree to environmental solution. For decades, the discharge of polluted water into the Danube resulted in nutrient over-enrichment in the Black Sea, affecting angle stocks, beaches and the incidence of waterborne disease.The dissolution of the Soviet Union provided an opportunity for countries in the region to launch a collaborative effort to address this issue (UNDP 2011). The UN not only gives the opportunity to deal well-known issues like the ones mentioned before, but it also provides the chance to explore new fields in Diplomacy. An example of this is the current scourge of United States (US) espionage by Latin America and other countries that feel their sovereignty violated even when the US defends its programme as a tool to fight against terrorism (Stea, 2013). The media has played a key role in this topic pushing the US actual administration to propose changes to the National Security self-confidence (NSA) program as the promise that US government will no longer store the call call information, however these changes are not clear enough yet for the international conjunction (Ackerman & Roberts 2014). In 2001, United States achieved the support of the UN Security Council that required states to freeze the assets of individuals or institutions believed to be associated with terrorism (Keohne, Macedo & Moravcsik), however the position does not look the same for this issue.Diplomacy through UN has mainly been successful in regulating the international travel through the certification of airports by the International Civil Aviation Organization and the establishment of condom standards ensuring that products for export meet international standards (e.g. milk, bananas, coffee, tea) ensuring that international agreements are implemented by the member states, for example, agreements relating to shared resources (i.e. animals,rivers/lakes, logging, etc.) promoting cooperation among dissimilar countries, especially within the south (East Asia), resulting in exchange of information, scholarships, businesses, etc. raising public awareness through international conferences, e.g. Environment (Rio), Human Settlement (Istanbul), Gender (Beijing), the plight of children ( refreshed York) promoting technical assistance in unhomogeneous fields to its member states in the third world and providing shelter and relief to millions of refugees from war and persecution, as well as supporting the repatriation and resettlement of refugees and displaced persons (UNDP 2011).Finally, the UN as venue has also allowed the increase of public diplomacy (since conferences are open to the media, therefore to an international audience), the behind-the-scenes bilateral diplomacy (because in many cases the UN resolution approaches the parties who after bilateral negotiations solve common issues), and the polylateral diplomacy (the relationship between the state and non-state representatives composed by NGOs workings with the UN) that could be seen as a network diplomacy (Wiseman & Basu, 2013). Multilateralism ChallengesMost of IGOs are labelled as westward, with a strong influence of some members like United States which have unresolved historical grievances. Countries like China, that in the 2000s played a leading role in the construction of multilateral twists in Asia, concerns working capital since it considers that Beijing is using soft power to marginalise the United States. Climate change also poses a threat to all states because the major carbon emitters cannot agree to find a solution as it affects their interests. agree not always produces the level of cooperation required to solve a problem (Wright 2011). Nowadays, some of the challenges are referred to asymmetries in the evolving process of multiple channels and levels of diplomatic representation and interaction with the rise of such new powers as Brazil, Germany, India and South Africa. Also, the UN diplomacy is now tied to a larger and more complex diplomatic community of diplomats and non-state actors (Pigman 2010, Wiseman & Basu 2013).Another issue is related to structures. The UNs basic structure has not evolved with the changing international governmental climate and configurations. Most obviously, the P5 member states privileged status has skewed the relationsbetween government representatives who otherwise hold equal legal status in the international state system (Kerr & Wiseman 2013). To maintain the institutions legitimacy, efficiency and its role of global governance, deep changes need to be done. Sensitive topics and decisions should be address in a correct way. For example, nowadays, the Syria crisis has provoked a wave of critics against the UN that have qualified the organisation as incompetent to find effective solut ions to this kind of situations that harms innocent people.Another difficult topic is in terms of the nuclear weapon testing even when the nuclear non-proliferation treaty was signed by xcl nations, including five nations that admitted to owning nuclear weapons France, England, Russia, China, and the US. The nuclear stockpiles remain high, and numerous nations continue to develop these devastating weapons, including North Korea, Israel, Pakistan, and India. These failures of respectfulness of the non-proliferation treaty and the inability to enforce crucial rules and regulations on offending nations have increased the criticism towards the UN effectiveness. Finally, resolutions related to sensitive topics as the human rights for gay, lesbian and transgender people may provoke the refusal of member countries that do not share this idea, and that could interpret this as an imposition from Western countries (Crary 2011)ConclusionDiplomacy through multilateral engagement represents th e favourite channel of most of the countries thanks to the benefits it represents. States can get active participation in forums and raise petitions as well as to sign agreements that not only involve another state-party but even non-state actors. Technical assistance, humanitarian aid, democracy enhancement, complaints are some of the advantages of the IGOs as venue, being the United Nations the most well-known thanks to its structure. Other IGOs like the World Bank, the IMF and the WTO are also important as venue to deal with common issues in a universal or regional basis. However, these IGOs, mainly the UN, also face challenges that need to be solved to continue the model in the future. The current structure of the Security Council with 5 privileged members has been pushed in the last years to change and enlarge if the UN pretends to continue be considered as the centrepiece of global governance, effective and legitimate. The rise of the so-called BRICcountries (Brazil, Russia, I ndia and China) have made the decision making process more carefully as the shift of power in the system is undeniable.ReferencesAckerman, S & Roberts, D 2014, Obama presents NSA reforms with plan to end government storage of call data, The Guardian, 18 January, viewed 19 January 2014, .Crary, D 2011, U.N. Gay Rights Protection Resolution Passes, Hailed As Historic Moment, Huffington Post, 17 June, viewed 19 January 2014, .Head, J 2012, East Timor UN ends peacekeeping mission, BBC News Asia, 31 December, viewed 19 January 2014, .Johnson, K 2010, Celebrating a United Nations success story, LaCross Tribune, 23 April, viewed 19 January 2014, .Karns, M & Mingst, K 2013, International Organizations and Diplomacy, in A Cooper, J Heine & R Thakur (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, pp. 142-159. Keohane, R, Macedo, S & Moravcsik, A 2009, Democracy-Enhancing Multilateralism, International Organization, Vol. 63, pp. 1-31. Osler, F & Hei nbecker, P 2011, The New Multilateralism of the Twenty-First Century, Global government A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 299-310. Pigman, G 2010, Multilateral Institutions, Supranational Polities, Regional Bodies, Contemporary Diplomacy, Polity Press, Cambridge, pp. 56-69. Powell, L 2003, In Defense of Multilateralism, Global Environmental Governance the Post-Johannesburg Agenda, Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy, viewed 19 January 2014, .Roberts, I 2009a, Legal Framework for Multilateral Diplomacy, in Sir I Roberts (ed), Satows Diplomatic Practice, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, pp. 287-315. ______ 2009b, Theory of Multilateral Diplomacy, in Sir I Roberts (ed), Satows Diplomatic Practice, OxfordUniversity Press, New York, New York, pp. 317-320. Slaughter, A 2011, International Relations, Principal Theories in R Wolfrum (ed), scoop Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, pp. 722-727. Stea, C 2013, Latin America Condemns US Espionage at United Nations Security Council, Global Research, 17 August, viewed 19 January 2014, .United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 2011, Case Studies of free burning and Successful Development Cooperation Supporting Transformational Change, UNDP, viewed 19 January 2014 .Wiseman, G & Basu, S 2013, The United Nations, in P Kerr & G Wiseman (eds), Diplomacy in a Globalizing World Theories & Practices, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, pp. 319-335. Wright, T 2013, Bilateral and Multilateral Diplomacy in Normal Times and in Crises, in P Kerr & G Wiseman (eds), Diplomacy in a Globalizing World Theories & Practices, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, pp. 175-191.

Cannibalism In The Cars Autosaved

The men, trying to hold on to human determine and not succumb to their instincts, fail ascribable as they attempted to remove their guilt Of ingest separately other by justifying it through Roberts Rules of Order. The cannibalism may seem an extreme symbol to represent what is often the intersection of the g everywherenments legislative actions, there is little arguing that acts and laws have been passed that have been detrimental to the citizens of this nation, such as the gruesome codes and Jim Crow laws.Though the symbolic nature of the story may be hyperbolic, couple vividly personifies the United States indefinite legislative process by focusing on the demutualization of the subjects for which it was reared by illustrating selfishness, a lack of focus on the great cause, and the inability to consider ulterior solutions. It is important to note the context of Twains work. This piece was written in 1868 during the era of Re traceion, following the Civil War.The g everywher enment, at the time, was trying to reestablish the viability of the South, exactly was failing, which drew the focus away(predicate) from the true needs required to reconstruct the South rather to government proceedings. At the beginning of Reconstruction, discrepancy between the Radical Republicans and the more moderate Republicans such s Lincoln and Johnson led to the swift reconstructive memory of the South being thwarted. With the focus drawn away from the South, Black Codes, corrupt sharecropping, and organizations like the UK Klux Klan were established undecomposed under the governments nose.Twain had witnessed the tragic results of selfishness, lack of focus, and inability to consider workable solutions. Cannibalism in Cars offers numerous examples throughout that introduce the self-serving paradigm from which the stranded passengers operate. Gentleman It cannot be delayed coherenter The time is at evanesce We must determine which of us shall die to furnish food for the rest (Twain, 4). Gentleman-?I nominate the Rev. mob Sawyer of Tennessee. (Twain, 4).On the seventh day of sitting in the cars without food, these were the initial statements. Quite obviously the passengers, or parliamentarians-to-be, as it were, faced imminent starvation, which is why they turned to cannibalism. Meltzer 2 Although everyone was in agreement that they needed sustenance for survival, no one seemed particularly ready to offer themselves as the main course. As was the teddy then and is the case now, legislatures are known to place self-preservation above all else.For example, pork barrel spending as long been a tool to assure votes as tax dollars are funneled to specific districts despite much greater needs elsewhere. Additionally, gerrymandering, or purposefully shaping voting districts to gift wrap favorable election results for a specific party, is a partisan maneuver that ignores fair representation for the benefit of certain politicians. Examples of politicians choosing self over the greater good are innumerable, thus though Twains example may be grotesque, it is almost believable, and eloquently illustrates his point.The greater cause for the men on the train was survival. However, the focus would teeter been sun. ampoule and superfluous rules of order. Mr.. Sander, one of the many stranded passengers, found the proceedings to be flawed and said Gentleman-?I protest earnestly against these proceedings. They are, in every way, irregular and unbecoming. Must beg to move that they be dropped at once, and that we elect a chairman of the meeting and proper officers to assist him, and then we can go on with the business before us understandingly. (Twain 5). Additionally, Mr.. Bell Of Iowa made it abundantly clear that the focus was on living and not the proceedings through his comments. Twain creatively paints a portrait of a group attempting to dissolve a problem, yet allowing the process and partisanship of politics to intervene. Meltzer R ather than work together as a unit to regulate an alternate solution to a highly complex and difficult situation, the passengers considered only the indignity of eating each other.Though it could be argued that there could have been much less horrid conclusion, sans devouring human flesh, the intelligence only centered around one potential conclusion based largely on the testimonial of the conductor, who had assured that there was no path to lavational beyond the track. To eat a man that is dead is considered repulsive, but to kill a man then eat him for your own survival is inhuman. The parliamentarians took the conductors intelligence service as fair play and never gave another thought to venturing out in the snow to find civilization.Once the decision was made that the conductors word was to be taken as truth, the act of cannibalism was a forgone conclusion, and debate shifted exclusively to determining the process by which the unfortunates should be chosen. Twain was attempt ing to mirror the faulty logic often found in the halls of Congress herein those who have been given the responsibility to govern, fail to fully vet complex issues in order to find the most desirable outcome.Unfortunately, for those who won the vote, consideration given any other method for salvation was promptly dismissed on the basis of one opinion. During the time Of Reconstruction, the United States government endured one its more tail periods with the Johnson presidency being an unmitigated failure because of his leniency, Ulysses S. Grants administration is historically known to have been wrought with corruption, art object the government and entry, as a whole, was divided over the management of the South leading to strife among citizens nationwide.Mark Twain brilliantly and deceptively shares his opinion of the government through his satire. The people on the train tried to construct a form of government to justly, in their mind, decide the next meal. However, constant dis traction with disagreement over proceedings led to a failure to focus on the main purpose for which the quorum was established. Furthermore, selfish desires impacted the participants decision, a practice common today in our houses of government.

Steroids in Sports

Steroids in Sports In many come ins virtually the world today, sports competitions ar increasing in popularity imputable to the quest to attain, to be the best. Many athletes allow do anything to win, whether that means breaking the rules or cheating. The desire to win is imbedded into all servicemans, especially when professional athletes of todays age are becoming icons and are cyphered as figures of splendor by their rare abilities to perform at such a high level. The quest for specie and fame is too a putting green reason for athletes to cheat or bend the rules.Steroid wasting disease is the near common form of cheating in all sports today. Other than the fact that they are harmful to your body, they are victorious away(p) from sports and sending the wrong messages to aspiring athletes. The issue that is currently cosmos addressed in the sports industriousness is that if so many plurality are already using sex hormone hormones, such as bodybuilders and athletes , then wherefore non make them legal and let people use them at their own risk? Or rather should we just keep them under-the-counter due to their harmful health risks and promotion of unfair advantages in sports?Before getting into the ethical concerns about the legalization of steroids, lets talk about what steroids are and how they stool. A steroid is a synthetic substance similar to the male sex hormone testosterone. The most common use of steroids is having them injected into skeletal muscles or they are taken in powder and pill form. on that point are so many types of steroids and each of them has its own value. Many types of steroids are used for medical conditions and health problems. These types of steroids are prescribed by doctors. Any type of steroid that is not prescribed by a doctor is illegal.Steroids that are taken by athletes and other abusers take them in cycles of weeks and months. This is called cycling. Cycling involves taking some(prenominal) doses of st eroids over a definite period of time, stopping for a period, and then starting again. Along with this method, steroid users often use the stacking method during their cycles (NIDA 1). This is when users will combine several different types of steroids to get maximal results period minimizing negative effects. There are many effects from the use of steroids, some prescribed and some negative.Though thither are more negative effects then thither are positive ones, many of the positive effects of steroids accommodate hidement for medical conditions. Anabolic steroids can be legally prescribed to treat conditions like delayed puberty as well as diseases that result in loss of dip muscle mass, such as cancer and AIDS (NIDA 1). Short condition effects of steroids are the competency to train harder and longer and an increase in lean muscle mass and strength. Minor negative side-effects include excessive hair growth, oily skin, acne, and a deepening voice.These are just minor short term side-effects though. The effects of steroid use that are the main concerns of users are increased risk of cancer, heart attack and liver disease. Also, increased blood pressure, increased risk of atherosclerosis, and obstructive sleep apnea may occur (NIDA 2). For men, shrinkage of the testicles, baldness, and risk of prostate cancer are things to be aware of. For women, common side-effects are facial hair, male-pattern baldness, and a deepening voice. Lastly, adolescence taking steroids may stunt their growth and accelerate puberty changes.The use of steroids in baseball has been revealed, and was put out in the open. Steroids claim been utilized in baseball for decades, entirely just of late have arrived into the lime light. In the summer of 2003, the USADA obtains a secret fluid, brought in anonymously. This fluid, the clear, turns out to be Tetrahydrogestrinone. Its an untraceable steroid utilized by some of the worlds top athletes. Later it is disclosed that Trevor G raham, a sprint advisor to some of the elite sprinters, submitted the steroid and the baseball steroid era began.The steroid was traced back to Victor Conte at BALCO labs, and it is finally discovered out that Patrick Arnold was the pharmacist who evolved the steroid. Barry Bonds name is cited as one of BALCOs large-scale clients. In spillage of 2004, steroid checking starts under the MLBs new collective bargaining agreement. Barry Bonds undergoes random checking, and proceeds on to win his seventh organization MVP. Over the next couple of years, some athletes are connected to BALCO and anabolic steroids. Many athletes came forward and accepted their steroid usage while some still asserted innocence.In 2007, previous Senator George Mitchell issues a 409 voice report, after a 21 month enquiry considering steroids in baseball. The report titles 89 people meshed in baseball who have are suspect of utilizing steroids. Again, some athletes eventually accept to utilizing steroids, whi le on that point are still numerous, which have been suspect, deny utilizing anabolic steroids. In the years after 2007, more proof is discovered opposing many MLB players and some apologies are made. Anabolic steroids are still utilized in baseball today, and ball players still undergo drug tests.Professional sports needs the most gifted athletes in the world, and people will manage anything they can to get the intended for display, even if it is endangering their career. Tetrahydrogestrinone, opened the eyes of newsworthinesspapers and followers around the world to not only steroid use in baseball, but steroid use in all sports. Not a day goes by without hearing about a steroid associated case, or an athlete failing the drug test. Fans and parents anticipate professional athletes to be models. Because of baseballs steroid scandal, steroids are emend like than ever, in both adults, and teens.Several associations, and retired athletes, for example Jose Canseco, are now conversi ng to juvenile teens about steroid edge consequences, steroid misuse, and hazards of anabolic steroids. Major league Baseball had an established steroid rule which was made in 2002. under(a) this rule, a rootage time violation would only result in therapy for the player. Not one dissenter was ever hang. After the BALCO scandal, Major fusion Baseball eventually determined to buckle down and yield harsher punishments for steroid users.The new principle, which was acknowledged by Major League Baseball players, was handed out at the start of the 2005. It stated that the first positive test will result in a dangling of up to ten days. The second positive test will result in a thoroughly luck of thirty days. The third positive test will result in a suspension of lux days. The fourth positive test will result in a suspension of one intact year. Finally, the fifth positive test will outcome in a punishment at the treat of the Commissioner of Major League Baseball.Players will be checked not less than one time per year, with a possibility that some players can be checked many times per year. bud Selig, the Commissioner of Major League Baseball, successfully made the living principle and has suggested even harder punishments for positive tests than the ones in place today. The new punishments that develop Selig has suggested are a three strikes and youre out approach. This is that the first positive test would result in a fifty zippy suspension. The second positive test would result in a one-hundred feisty suspension.Finally, the third positive test would result in a lifetime suspension from Major League Baseball. These new suggested punishments are much harsher than either of the first two, although, they should be acknowledged by both the players forwards any changes can be made. Under the present rule, the first Major League ballplayers have been suspended for checking positive. The Mitchell Report, or Report to the Commissioner of Baseball of an Inde pendent Investigation into the Illegal Use of Steroids and Other Performance Enhancing Substances by Players in Major League Baseball, is the outcome of previous United States Senator George J.Mitchells enquiry into the use of anabolic steroids and human phylogeny hormone in Major League Baseball. The 409-page Mitchell Report, issued on December 13, 2007, shows the use of illegal game enhancing substances by players and the effectiveness of the MLB pharmaceutical checking program. Its still present that Senator Mitchells recommendations considering the management of past illegal drug use and future avoidance practices. The Mitchell Report names eighty-nine Major League Baseball players who are vatical to have used steroids or drugs.George Mitchell, a previous United States Senator and prosecutor, was nominated by Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig on March 30, 2006 to enquire the use of exercise-enhancing drugs in MLB. Mitchell was nominated throughout a time of financial statement over the journal Game of Shadows, which chronicles thought complete use of executing-enhancing drugs, around some distinct kinds of steroids and development hormone by Barry Bonds. Bud Selig determined to start the method of ending the illegal use of steroids and performance enhancing drugs after reading Game of Shadows.The term was made after some influential people of the US Congress made opposing remarks about the effectiveness and honesty of MLB anti-performance enhancing drug policies. In recent news in sports today, many players are being caught using illegal substances of performance enhancing drugs. For example, San Francisco Giants outfielder, Melky Cabrera, was caught using illegal performance enhancing drugs late in the 2012 season. He was sentenced to the 50 game suspension and this also takes a toll on his popularity which was increasing due to his MVP caliber stats. His suspension is the most significant in-season ban by MLB since Manny Ramirez genuine his first 50- game suspension in 2009 (Lacques 1). Though the Giants win the World Series without Melky Cabrera, they most likely will not offer him a contract extension in the 2013 season, in which he will be a free agent. Steroids may also cause inner turmoil within players. They may run low disliked by other teammates because they are harming themselves and cheating. It is not fair to those who dont take steroids and work out hard to make themselves become a better player.For example, Dustin Pedroia, 5 6 second baseman for the wild Sox, won MVP of the league in 2008 without any steroid use. On the other hand, Alex Rodriguez, Yankees third baseman, who has won multiple MVPs recently admitted to three years of steroid use. As far as the fans know, steroids could have helped him during his years of greatness. That leaves many people to debate he is a great player, but did not put in the hard work like Dustin, who get the respect of millions with his work ethic and determination.I deal that the use of steroids or any performance enhancing drugs should remain illegal in sports. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural shaping (UNESCO)division on anti-doping believes that doping jeopardizes the moral and ethical basis of sport and the health of those involved in it(Ashby 1). I agree with UNESCO because steroids will cause an unfair advantage for many people in sports. Sports will no longer be about who has the most talents or puts the most work into becoming better but more about who has the better steroids to make them better.The National Football League created its own policy on steroids and performance enhancing drugs because they believe it threatens the integrity of athletic competition (Ashby 1). Many people are beginning to believe that legalizing steroids will benefit sports because it will create a higher, faster level of play. It is also argued that since many athletes are being caught using them anyways that they should just be made legal to s top with the suspensions and taking away of titles earned by players while using steroids.For example, the US Anti-Doping Agency stripped cyclist Lance Armstrong of his seven go game de France titles and banned him from the sport for life for doping. There are some who believe it is wrong to take his titles away but in my belief I think that it is only right for his titles to be stripped. Well, maybe not all seven of them, but the ones in which he was using steroids during. There are many psychological and physical side effects to your body from continued steroid use. Psychologically, a player may go from a state of well-being to a state of depression.Players tend to have outbursts known as roid cultus, which is a feeling insecurity when they are playing bad even though they are on this drug. Mood swings and intense aggression and violence have also been known to occur. Some players feel that steroid use will benefit their career by making them a better player. This is not true. well-nigh are looking for a quick way to increase their speed, endurance, muscle mass and physical size. They neediness to have a stronger physique which gives them confidence as well as strength to perform better on the baseball field. Some also tend to get addicted to the steroid habit.Some players who have been injured, gently or dramatically, require this drug to recover from the injury, but then cannot live without it. Jason Giambi, former Yankee first baseman, was overweight, slow, and a poor hitter at the beginning of his career. In order to maintain his position on the team, he chose to take steroids after workouts to alter his body. This had an immediate effect, but after he was caught, he went from being a well-rounded player, back to slumps in his game and having to work hard like everyone else. There is also the business standpoint that leaves many people to think that steroids should be legal.Former baseball players Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa put on two of the most mem orable baseball seasons in 1998 and 1999. Fans became invested in the home run races, especially in 1998 when McGwire shattered Roger Maris 37-year-old single season home run record. More jerseys were sold that offseason than in any other. This chance is that steroids will cause many players to break records and there will be an increase in fans. My view is that the players who take steroids and break records are breaking the records of those who actually worked hard and stayed clean while achieving them.This, to me, is a good way to describe the unfairness due to the fact that sports wont be about achieving greatness and success through hard work, determination, and great talent, but by having some talent and taking heaps of steroids. Based upon research and studies of the dramatic effects steroid use, I believe that steroid should remain illegal unless used for medicinal purposes. Reasons being the negative and long lasting effects it can have on ones body, along with the negati ve effect that they will cause in the change of the integrity and fairness of sports.Numerous anti-doping policies have been created to stop the use of steroids in sports today and I feel that with a strong push towards a clean and fair game, these organizations might be able to nearly eliminate steroids from many sports. Major athletes may enjoy the results but are clueless to extent of the damage it will cause them in the future. Lastly, there is no reason for people to harm their bodies for short term results and according to April Ashby, Steroids have no place in sports (Ashby 1).