Why the Water in a Nuclear Reactor Glows Blue

In science fiction movies, nuclear reactors and nuclear materials always glow. While movies use special effects, the glow is based on scientific fact. For example, the water surrounding nuclear reactors actually does glow bright blue! How does it work? Its due to the phenomenon called Cherenkov Radiation. Cherenkov Radiation Definition What is Cherenkov radiation? Essentially, its like a sonic boom, except with light instead of sound. Cherenkov radiation is defined as the electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle moves through a dielectric medium faster than the velocity of light in the medium. The effect is also called Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation or Cerenkov radiation. Its named after Soviet physicist Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, who received the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics, together with Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm, for experimental confirmation of the effect. Cherenkov had first noticed the effect in 1934, when a bottle of water exposed to radiation glowed with blue light. Although not observed until the 20th century and not explained until Einstein proposed his theory of special relativity, Cherenkov radiation had been predicted by English polymath Oliver Heaviside as theoretically possible in 1888. How Cherenkov Radiation Works The speed of light in a vacuum in a constant (c), yet the speed at which light travels through a medium is less than c, so its possible for particles to travel through the medium faster than light, yet still slower than the speed of light. Usually, the particle in question is an electron. When an energetic electron passes through a dielectric medium, the electromagnetic field is disrupted and electrically polarized. The medium can only react so quickly, though, so there is a disturbance or coherent shockwave left in the wake of the particle. One interesting feature of Cherenkov radiation is that its mostly in the ultraviolet spectrum, not bright blue, yet it forms a continuous spectrum (unlike emission spectra, which have spectral peaks). Why Water in a Nuclear Reactor Is Blue As Cherenkov radiation passes through the water, the charged particles travel faster than light can through that medium. So, the light you see has a higher frequency (or shorter wavelength) than the usual wavelength. Because there is more light with a short wavelength, the light appears blue. But, why is there any light at all? Its because the fast-moving charged particle excites the electrons of the water molecules. These electrons absorb energy and release it as photons (light) as they return to equilibrium. Ordinarily, some of these photons would cancel each other out (destructive interference), so you wouldnt see a glow. But, when the particle travels faster than light can travel through the water, the shock wave produces constructive interference that you see as a glow. Use of Cherenkov Radiation Cherenkov radiation is good for more than just making your water glow blue in a nuclear lab. In a pool-type reactor, the amount of blue glow can be used to gauge the radioactivity of spent fuel rods. The radiation is used in particle physics experiments to help identify the nature of the particles being examined. It is used in medical imaging and to label and trace biological molecules to better understand chemical pathways. Cherenkov radiation is produced when cosmic rays and charged particles interact with the Earths atmosphere, so detectors are used to measure these phenomena, to detect neutrinos, and to study gamma-ray-emitting astronomical objects, such as supernova remnants. Fun Facts About Cherenkov Radiation Cherenkov radiation can occur in a vacuum, not just in a medium like water. In a vacuum, the phase velocity of a wave decreases, yet the charged particle velocity remains closer to (yet less than) the speed of light. This has a practical application, as it is used to produce high power microwaves.If relativistic charged particles strike the vitreous humor of the human eye, flashes of Cherenkov radiation may be seen. This can occur from exposure to cosmic rays or in a nuclear criticality accident.

On His Blindness by John Milton (1655) - 1102 Words

ENG125: Introduction to Literature (GSH1140E) Instructor: Julie Alfaro October 24, 2011 What is poetry? According to the author Clugston (2010) poetry is everything the poet sees. Also according to Clugston (2010) â€Å"poetry is everything the poet senses, feels, experiences, and imagines†. Poems are built around human life experiences but written in concise and expressive figurative language form which could sometimes be difficult to understand. Not only is poetry based on human life experiences, poetry is also written to capture the reader’s attention and at the same time requires the reader to explore the poet’s imaginations. Basically, â€Å"poetry is an expression of the human spirit† (Clugston, 2011). As a result, the poem â€Å"On His†¦show more content†¦In the beginning, the first eight lines present a troubling matter about blindness. In these first eight lines, there seems to be confusion and frustration. But although the poem expresses a sad, confused, and frustrated mood, there seems to be no contradiction in what the author is feeling and what he is trying to covey. Towards the latter part of his poem, the author has come to accept the fact that he is blind. His faith in God has not diminished even though he is now blind. This self-realization and self-acceptance creates an understanding tone verses an angry tone. Lastly, the content or the message of the poem was engaging because it is a poem about a true life experience. When reading this poem and feeling the author’s frustration about being blind, yet accepting what is inevitable, it is truly amazing to see how strong he is. Although the poem was on blindness, the poet also uses words in ways they are not normally used in order to create a distinct, imaginative effect or impression throughout the poem. The poem was difficult to understand at first due to the diverse vocabularies and due to the lack of understanding poems. However, as the poem is dissected and researched, a clearer picture was developed. After reading this poem, my overall impression of the format, the tone, and the content of the poem has helped me to have a better understanding of the struggles that we go through in life. Sometimes we encounter obstacles and

Lesson Plan Learning Classroom

Question: Discuss about theLesson Planfor Learning Classroom. Answer: Introduction With the advancements of technology, a wide range of technological tools have been available for using in the language teaching and learning classroom. In some situations using technology has been the primary requirement in the language teaching classroom in several parts in the world. However, it has been a prime subject for debate whether technological use is relevant in the language teaching or not (Chun, Smith and Kern 2016). From the findings of Assessment 1, it is clear that using technology in the language teaching environment can be significant as technology allows the students to access the online setting to communicate internationally. This communication also helps the student to be competent enough for the cross cultural interaction. Also in the learning programs students can be able to learn materials using significant software. The effective use of technology integrated lesson plans will put the students in a better place in the learning process and will empower the stud ents by fostering the innovation and creativity and will enhance the communication and cross cultural collaboration (Grgurovi?, Chapelle and Shelley 2013). Lesson Plan The lesson plan shows how technology can be used in the language teaching classroom. It can be used as a powerful teaching tool in the classroom setting and it can be of help and focus on the development of the students depending on the application. This lesson plan contains five plans that will enhance the learning abilities of the students. Online Videos and Music In the language teaching classroom music and videos will be very much effective tools for the students and the teachers as well. Most of the times, the students are not able to sustain their abilities on the enlightenment from the textbooks. If they are provided with constant reinforcement from the authentic internet sources the learning process will be improved. In a language learning setting, if the students listen to the native speakers of a certain language, it will be easier for them to pick up the grammar patterns, new phrases and other language essentials. This will help them to focus on understanding the new language they are learning. Also audio listening practices can be very much helpful for the students as well. Therefore music and video will be a constructive practice for the students. The pictures, gestures and other intonations will supply the students several contextual clues which cannot be received only from the classroom teaching environment. Educational Websites There are several useful websites that can be used as the authentic sources in the language teaching. They are Quizlet- It is a powerful learning platform which is created on the basis of tried and true memorization device. There are flash cards and sets of flash cards can be used for grammar and vocabulary teaching. Students can have access to ample numbers of sets from the archive and browse by specific languages. FluentU- This website teaches the languages using authentic materials like music, news, movies and other videos. The primary advantage of the website is that it ensures that the materials are culturally relevant and recent. The website is designed to make the students familiar with foreign language vocabulary in a friendly way. It will provide interactive captions which will let the students see definitions, necessary images, and audio examples with a specific word. Any native language content is easily available in the website with the help of interactive transcripts. Using these websites in the classroom can be very much valuable for the language learning process. Collaborative Tools In a language learning process, the learning outcomes are considered to be the most significant one. While learning a language both the spoken and written forms are necessary to learn. There are numbers of collaborative tools available on the internet that enhances the language learning process, such as social media, Google documents, blogs etc. Social media helps the students to interact with native speakers of certain language which can be of help. In addition to that, liking community pages or creating a group of peers will help the students to interact more in the language to improve their language skills. Also platforms like Wordpress and Tumblr provide a great platform for the students for interaction and the advanced students can brace their learning there. Applications for Tablets and Smart Phones The teachers can motivate the learners to lookout for the supplementary materials which will help to diversify their learning experience. In this lesson plan, three applications are mentioned which can be recommended to the students, FluentU, DuoLingo and Memrise. Duolingo is designed for the beginner students and will teach the basics, however, it also works as a review for the significant vocabulary and grammar topics. As discussed earlier, FluentU provides an outstanding platform to the students and the teachers at the same time. It has ample numbers of trailers, music, video, quiz and other authentic language learning materials for the students. Memrise has a composition of hundreds of carefully selected phrases and words in the target language. Video Conferencing Language and culture both are internally connected, therefore it is essential for the students to learn about the culture of the target language as well. Through video conferencing the teachers can provide a detailed cultural context for the students. The approach to the culture can work as a motivational tool for the reluctant learners. The cultural exposure might be difficult to provide in a classroom setting but the modern technology has made it easier. Online chat applications like Skype can provide interacting with native speakers of the target language which can be very much effective for the students. Justification of Using Technology in the Language Learning Process Technology is now a significant part of the language learning process in many parts of the world. In the lesson plan frames several usages of technology in the classroom setting. Using these innovative technologies for the language learning improve the process of interaction between the students and teachers. Also the use of technology makes the learners to work independently and take the necessary steps in the learning process (Golonka et al. 2014). Several researchers argue that students cannot learn the language on the basis of the inputs, therefore it is necessary for them to engage in interactions with native speakers, also the group interactions between the students make great impact on the learning process (Blake 2013). In terms of the involvement of technology in the language learning process, it works as the word processors and allow the students to work in the language. The students go through a process of creation and re-creation of the contents until it is entirely compre hensible and accurate. With the help of technology, students can have a draft of the language and show it to the teachers and their peers, and with the help of the feedback they can make necessary improvements. The prescribed tools in the lesson plan are effective in checking the grammar and vocabulary of the target language. Technology makes the procedure of learning a lot easier for the beginners, also for the ones who want further advancements in the language. In some situation, finding native speakers of the target language can be quite difficult for the course makers, however, technology makes the practice of spoken language a lot easier. If the teachers can link the students with other speakers of the language using the technological tools such as video conferencing by Skype or social media, it gives an active support to the students in learning the language (Beatty 2013). The technological tools mediate the language learning process letting the students out internationally and providing the necessary feedbacks to them. Another help that the students get from the use of technology in the language learning is the project works. Active use of the target language encourages the students to learn more things about the target language culture. If the teachers motivate the learners to work on their areas of interest in the language or other topics that have been included in the language curriculum, it will work as a wonderful way to improve the language skills. Reading and listening to materials online can help the students actively. Not only the students, but also the teachers are also benefitted with the use of technology in the curriculum (Lai and Morrison 2013). Technology makes their teaching process a lot easier. However, there is also a different opinion about using the technology. Many claim that the teachers may face students who are more digitally competent than them. This has a possibility of creating a challenging situation in the classroom setting and it may discourage the teachers from using the technological tools in the language teaching process. Conclusion The rate of technological change provides several online experiences to the students. The lesson plan includes all the potential usage of technology in the language learning classroom. These strategies are based on theories of learning which indicates the usefulness of providing diverse experiences to the learners and the effective impact of active interactions with the native speakers of the target language. The teachers will also continue developing their understanding about the language learning and the use of technological tools in the curriculum. Reference List and Bibliography Beatty, K., 2013.Teaching researching: Computer-assisted language learning. Routledge. Benson, P., 2013.Teaching and researching: Autonomy in language learning. Routledge. Blake, R.J., 2013.Brave new digital classroom: Technology and foreign language learning. Georgetown University Press. Chun, D., Smith, B. and Kern, R., 2016. Technology in language use, language teaching, and language learning.The Modern Language Journal,100(S1), pp.64-80. Godwin-Jones, R., 2013. Integrating intercultural competence into language learning through technology.Language Learning Technology,17(2), pp.1-11. Golonka, E.M., Bowles, A.R., Frank, V.M., Richardson, D.L. and Freynik, S., 2014. Technologies for foreign language learning: a review of technology types and their effectiveness.Computer Assisted Language Learning,27(1), pp.70-105. Grgurovi?, M., Chapelle, C.A. and Shelley, M.C., 2013. A meta-analysis of effectiveness studies on computer technology-supported language learning.ReCALL,25(02), pp.165-198. Hubbard, P., 2013. Making a case for learner training in technology enhanced language learning environments.Calico Journal,30(2), pp.163-178. Kukulska?Hulme, A., 2013. Mobile?Assisted Language Learning.The encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Lai, C. and Morrison, B., 2013. Towards an agenda for learner preparation in technology-enhanced language learning environments.CALICO Journal,30(2), pp.154-162. Levy, M. and Stockwell, G., 2013.CALL dimensions: Options and issues in computer-assisted language learning. Routledge. Mitchell, R., Myles, F. and Marsden, E., 2013.Second language learning theories. Routledge.

The Writer and Suicide (set of 2 books) Review Essay Example

The Writer and Suicide (set of 2 books) Review Paper Essay on The Writer and Suicide (set of 2 books) Priznatcya honest, I no longer live with the thought of suicide. We can say this is one of the most lucid and global thinking that accompanies me in my life. And there is this surprising, because it is an integral part of the triumvirate, in which it helps to dominate and life and death. I would say more. Suicide fad I even helps to live. In the darkest moments mindset, I easily I measure the world is there beside me at least someone for whom I would like to continue its existence. And that someone always was. That someone could be a long time, those who-ing could be several, the one you could leave his post, but leave the receiver. The main thing is that this one has been, is and hopefully will be. We will write a custom essay sample on The Writer and Suicide (set of 2 books) Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Writer and Suicide (set of 2 books) Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Writer and Suicide (set of 2 books) Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The author speaks of his work as a rare representative of the literature on suicide in our country. Of course, it stipulates that it is not necessary to consider his book as a scientific manual. And for good reason. Despite the large number of great style, and a little of the authors gag Chhartishvilli in the first half of the book organizes and summarizes the information related to suicidology Most of the book, he describes the various theories to explain why people choose the last step on their own. (and, believe me, the point of view there is more than enough). And only at the end of the book he speaks directly to writers suicide as a class. Although the writer as the object of study as drozofilla is used throughout the book A lot of gloomy stories, many references to autobiographical works that help us trace razvitiemyslipisatelya potential suicide victims.. Many scientific socio-psychological theories, and, as might be expected, no specific conclusions. Chhartishvilli recognized in the final, that the book was his attempt to answer the question suicide is good or bad, acceptable or not? And as a man, I think wise Chhartishvilli give accurate, recent, definitive answer can not Written exciting language, so do not want to keep reading about things, not only bleak, but also cataloged encyclopedic book. does not let go. The set includes a small volume Encyclopedia literaturitsida where the heroes of the author are listed in alphabetical order, are equipped with a curriculum vitae The Writer and Suicide is a very important flaw in any medical encyclopedia -. It can not be read distantly. A lot of the symptoms are and at home. Here for example, the author refers to the fact that the owls who find it difficult to get up in the morning and who spend the morning in a bad frame of mind, often snapping at neighbors, are more prone to suicide The clock is now 2.: thirty. In the morning I will snap. P.S. The book has been described many reasons why people left out of life. But the most incredible death seemed to me in the name of logic. When the thinker, the philosopher, having weighed all pro and contra came by logical reasoning in the dignity of death, and without hesitation put QED under his own evidence. And you, what are the reasons most do not understand? The Writer and Suicide (set of 2 books) Review Essay Example The Writer and Suicide (set of 2 books) Review Paper Essay on The Writer and Suicide (set of 2 books) There are books that are simply and intelligibly talk about wordly things. Why so interested in the literary environment of the author? Is the general population is less than suicide? Can I bring any formulas that explain why among German writers more than suicide? Whether it is possible and whether to classify literary suicide need? All of these questions trying to find Mr. Chkhartishvili. As he later admitted, book was not easy and so much pushed him into the abyss, that he, in order not to surrender to the temptation, enticing began writing detective stories about Fandorin. Facts and interpretations. Hemingway and Zweig, Gary and Mishima, and Drunina AK Tolstoy . We all had a different life. What united? What has brought to the line? Diseases? Yes, illness. When you suffer from physical pain, and about anything else you can not think, think about death deliverance. Old age? Of course, old age. When you were young and beautiful, and became feeble and weak, you think about death the salvation. Unhappy love? Of course, love a strong sense, and if it is doomed to vulgarity or death, think about death but it concerns all of us mortals. What feature writers We will write a custom essay sample on The Writer and Suicide (set of 2 books) Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Writer and Suicide (set of 2 books) Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Writer and Suicide (set of 2 books) Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The writers people without the skin, exposed nerves to live in pain. Yes, and they see the world differently. They, of course, the people, but the other: those who believe that they can step out of the seventh-floor window and fly (it is, in my opinion, an idea of ​​the poet Fet). That falling upside down Its thought, which prompted the book. It is still, in my opinion, about the man and suicide. Not a writer. Although I could be wrong.