Administrative Law Philippines

1. Administrative Findings Given Great Weight in Court Sebastian F. Oasay, Jr. vs. Palacio del Gobernador Condominium Corporation and Omar T. Cruz,  [G. R. No. 194306, February 6, 2012. ] LINK: http://lexoterica. wordpress. com/2012/03/05/february-2012-philippine-supreme-court-decisions-on-labor-law-and-procedure/ Appeal; factual finding of NLRC. Findings of fact of administrative agencies and quasi-judicial bodies, which have acquired expertise because their jurisdiction is confined to specific matters, are generally accorded not only respect but finality when affirmed by the Court of Appeals.Factual findings of quasi-judicial bodies like the NLRC, if supported by substantial evidence, are accorded respect and even finality by the Supreme Court, more so when they coincide with those of the Labor Arbiter. Such factual findings are given more weight when the same are affirmed by the Court of Appeals. In the present case, the Supreme Court found no reason to depart from these princip les since the Labor Arbiter found that there was substantial evidence to conclude that Oasay had breached the trust and confidence of Palacio Del Gobernador Condominium Corporation, which finding the NLRC had likewise upheld.Gatus vs. SSS [G. R. No. 174725, January 26, 2011] LINK: http://sc. judiciary. gov. ph/jurisprudence/2011/january2011/174725. htm The sole issue to be determined is whether the Court of Appeals committed grave abuse of discretion in affirming the finding of the ECC that petitioner’s ailment is not compensable under Presidential Decree No. 626, as amended. xxx The burden of proof is thus on petitioner to show that any of the above conditions have been met in his case. The required proof is further discussed in  Ortega v. Social Security Commission[17]:The requisite quantum of proof in cases filed before administrative or quasi-judicial bodies is neither proof beyond reasonable doubt nor preponderance of evidence. In this type of cases, a fact may be deem ed established if it is supported by substantial evidence, or that amount of relevant evidence which a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to justify a conclusion. In this case, substantial evidence abounds. xxx The questioned Decision deemed as established fact that petitioner is a cigarette smoker; but petitioner vehemently denies this, saying there is no competent evidence to prove he had that habit.What petitioner would like this Court to do is to pass upon a question of fact, which the ECC, the SSS, and the Court of Appeals have used to deny his claim for compensation. This is not allowed under Section 1 of Rule 45, which states that â€Å"[t]he petition shall raise  only questions of law  which must be distinctly set forth. â€Å"[21]  Hence, questions of fact may not be taken up in a petition for review on  certiorari  such as this case now before us. As we have held previously:A question of fact exists when the doubt centers on the truth or falsity of the al leged facts while a question of law exists if the doubt centers on what the law is on a certain set of facts. There is a question of fact if the issue requires a review of the evidence presented or requires the re-evaluation of the credibility of witnesses. However, if the issue raised is capable of being resolved without need of reviewing the probative value of the evidence, the question is one of law. xxxThe matter of petitioner’s cigarette smoking, established by two competent government agencies and the appellate court, is thus a matter that cannot be questioned before us via petition for review. There is no doubt that petitioner deserves sympathy because even the benefits already given to him were questioned after the SSS found that he was a chronic cigarette smoker. For humanitarian reasons, as he pursued his claim all the way to the Court as an indigent litigant, and due to his advancing age, we would like to clarify that what had already been given him should no longe r be taken away from him.But he is not entitled to further compensation for his condition. We have once more put great weight to the factual findings of administrative agencies and quasi-judicial bodies, namely the SSS and the ECC, as they have acquired expertise in all matters relating to employee compensation and disability benefits. As we have held in  Ortega v. Social Security Commission[25]: It is settled that the Court is not a trier of facts and accords great weight to the factual findings of lower courts or agencies whose function is to resolve factual matters.It is not for the Court to weigh evidence all over again. Moreover, findings of fact of administrative agencies and quasi-judicial bodies, which have acquired expertise because their jurisdiction is confined to specific matters, are generally accorded not only respect but finality when affirmed by the Court of Appeals. 2. Decisions not stating facts and the law Saballa, et. al vs. NLRC [G. R. Nos. 102472-84. August 2 2, 1996] The Issue The petitioners raised the lone issue of whether or not: RESPONDENT NLRC GRAVELY ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AMOUNTING TO LACK OR EXCESS OF JURISDICTION WHEN, DESPITE THE OVERWHELMING EVIDENCE TO THE CONTRARY, IT DECLARED THE RETRENCHMENT OF PETITIONERS VALID AND LEGAL. † Petitioners argue that while the  NLRC  claimed to disagree with the factual findings/conclusions of the arbiter, it did not state what particular findings and conclusions it could not go along with; and while the Decision purports to apply the requisites for a valid retrenchment, the public respondent did not specify what those were.Further, citing  Lopez Sugar Corporation vs. Federation of Free Workers,[15]  petitioners claim that private respondent failed to show by convincing proof the concurrence of the requirements for valid retrenchment, and among other things, failed to show that the losses sought to be prevented were substantial and reasonably imminent. On the contrary, according to petitioners, the evidence on record clearly shows that the enforcement of the retrenchment program was attended by bad faith. The Court’s Ruling NLRC  Decision ArbitraryThe petition is meritorious. This Court has previously held that judges and arbiters should draw up their decisions and resolutions with due care, and make certain that they truly and accurately reflect their conclusions and their final dispositions. [16]  A decision should faithfully comply with Section 14, Article  VIII  of the Constitution which provides that no decision shall be rendered by any court without expressing therein clearly and distinctly the facts of the case and the law on which it is based.If such decision had to be completely overturned or set aside, upon the filing of a motion for reconsideration, in a subsequent action via a resolution or modified decision, such resolution or decision should likewise state the factual and legal foundation relied upon. The reason for this is obv ious:  Ã‚  aside from being required by the Constitution, the court should be able to justify such a sudden change of course; it must be able to convincingly explain the taking back of its solemn conclusions and pronouncements in the earlier decision. 17]  The same thing goes for the findings of fact made by the  NLRC, as it is a settled rule that such findings are entitled to great respect and even finality when supported by substantial evidence; otherwise, they shall be struck down for being whimsical and capricious and arrived at with grave abuse of discretion. 18]  It is a requirement of due process and fair play that the parties to a litigation be informed of how it was decided, with an explanation of the factual and legal reasons that led to the conclusions of the court. A decision that does not clearly and distinctly state the facts and the law on which it is based leaves the parties in the dark as to how it was reached and is especially prejudicial to the losing part y, who is unable to pinpoint the possible errors of the court for review by a higher tribunal. 19] Based on the foregoing considerations, we find the assailed Decision arbitrary in its naked assertion that:  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"(A)pplying the requisites (for valid retrenchment) to the instant case, we lent credence to respondent’s evidence supporting the fact that it was suffering financial reverses (pp. 118-136). Hence, complainant’s separation is valid, due to retrenchment. † The Decision does not indicate the  specific  bases for such crucial holding.While it  enumerated  some of the factors that supposedly weighed in favor of private respondent’s position,  i. e. , theNEA’s foreclosure letter; the  NPC’s disconnection letter; private respondent’s Income Statement; the fact that the employees’ union agreed to the â€Å"forced leave† policy instead of the drastic measure of retrenchment; and the impossibility of re instating the petitioners â€Å"considering the financial losses for 1988 alone not to mention the losses incurred for 1989 and wage increases imposed by the government (pp. 13-141,  rollo),† the public respondent nevertheless did not bother to explain how it came to the conclusion that private respondent was experiencing business reversals, nor did it specify which particular data and document it based such conclusion upon. This can only be because the private respondent failed to show convincingly by substantial evidence the fact of its failing financial health, and that such retrenchment was justified.Our observation is bolstered further by the Comment of the public respondent where it tried to rationalize its ruling by saying: â€Å"It is to be noted that private respondent x x x is a big and reputable company and for them to admit that it is in distress is a bitter pill to swallow, yet they must accept the sad situation that they are in. This representation believes i n the veracity of respondent’s x x x position. † Even resorting to the records does not help.The termination letter dated October 18, 1988[20]  stated that the reason for the retrenchment was â€Å"to avoid Coop financial losses. † However, the imminent loss sought to be forestalled by the retrenchment of petitioners was not actually indicated or specified. Page 118 of the records is the demand letter of  NEA  for payment of private respondent’s arrearages as of June 30, 1988. It warned that the account in the amount of approximately P8. 5 million should be settled within 30 days otherwise  NEA  will exercise its right to foreclose.But the records do not show that any property of private respondent was ever foreclosed nor that the savings from the salaries of the retrenched petitioners were to be used to pay for the arrearages; neither was it shown that private respondent did not have the resources to pay said obligation. Page 119 of the records is a Notice of Disconnection stating that the private respondent was required to pay twenty five percent of its outstanding bill to the  NEA  or face power disconnection on July 29, 1988.But private respondent did not show that such disconnection was effected then nor that the allotment for petitioners’ salaries was to be used to pay for this bill. The private respondent in its motion for reconsideration asked that the labor arbiter take judicial notice that  NPC  eventually disconnected its power supply on April 10, 1989, but this only means that the private respondent must have been able to pay up and settle its account on or about July 29, 1988, as it was not disconnected until April 10, 1989.By October 18, 1988, the losses, if any, sought to be proven by these documents would already have been sustained, so there could not have been any imminent loss which was to have been forestalled by the retrenchment of petitioners effected at that time. In other words, these abovementioned documents did not show any expected loss which made the retrenchment reasonably necessary, nor that such retrenchment was likely to prevent the expected loss.We do not deny that the private respondent would suffer losses as a result of a foreclosure or power disconnection, however, it failed to show how these threatened events eventually affected the cooperative’s financial health, if they ever happened at all. Besides, they are irrelevant because the imminent loss was supposed to come after October 18, 1988, months after these incidents. Moreover, pages 120-136 of the records (referred to in the assailed Decision) are the financial statements of the private respondent which are  unaudited  by independent external auditors and are without  Ã‚  Ã‚  accompanying explanations.This Court has previously held that financial statements audited by independent external auditors constitute the normal method of proof of the profit and loss performance of a company. [21]  And since private respondent insists that its  critical financial condition  was the central and pivotal reason for its retrenchment and forced leave programs, we therefore fail to see why it should neglect or refuse to submit such audited financial statements. Apart from that, we noted that the said unaudited statements were filled with erasures; some entries were even handwritten, and different typewriters were used.There is therefore serious ground to doubt the correctness and accuracy of said statements. Additionally, these statements require further explanations before the accounting procedures of private respondent can be understood. Thus, the Court is wary of according them any probative value, especially since respondent Commission seems to have treated them in a similar fashion by not discussing them in its Decision. In brief, we hold that public respondent gravely abused its discretion in rendering the challenged Decision without adequately explaining its factu al and legal

The Most Common Place Names in America

The Most Common Place Names in America Is there a place name that exists in all 50  U.S.  states? It depends on what you count as a city, town, or village- for example, whether a township name counts as a town and whether youll count county names as well, as they also contain populations. Sources vary widely as to what is the most prolific place name throughout the United States. This piece follows World Atlass numbers for count and MSN for the largest city with that name. Washington (88) Although Springfield is commonly thought of as the most prolific place name in the United States, Washington is the most common, according to World Atlas, with 88 place names. There are even more if you count places where Washington is only a portion of the name. Springfield (41) Springfield is in second place, coming in with 41 cities and towns named it, the first being in Massachusetts, naturally, in 1636, after a city in England. Its a long-running debate among fans of the animated TV series The Simpsons as to which state the family actually lives in, because Springfields are seemingly everywhere and the TV series makes a point never to specify which state theyre in. Franklin (35) In third place is Franklin, with 35 cities and towns named after founding father Benjamin Franklin, who was integral in the Declaration of Independence, served as an ambassador to France, and helped establish the U.S. Postal Service. The most populous Franklin city is in Tennessee and has  68,549 residents as of 2017. Greenville (31) A lot of city and town founders must have enjoyed the scenery where they put down roots, as the name Greenville is next, with 31 U.S. instances. The name appears coast to coast. One of the first founded was in South Carolina,  in 1786. Bristol (29) If there are any city names that sound as if it were plucked straight out of Britain, the place name of Bristol has to be at the top of that list. It has 29 cities and towns named after it in the United States, and in Britain, its historically been a commercial center and important seaport. Clinton (29) The first tie on the list comes up here, with the moniker of Clinton also notching 29 instances in the United States. New York state alone has three Clinton place names, the village, town,  and county of. The most populous city by that name is in Maryland, with more than 39,000 inhabitants, and the city in Arkansas wasnt named after its governor turned president but after New York governor DeWitt Clinton. Fairview (27) Fairview might be popular around the country as a name, but the cities across the United States must be fairly small if the most populous is the one in New Jersey at just over 14,000 residents. Founders of these cities must have liked the scenery around their location and realized that the name Greenville was already taken. Salem (26) Of the 26 Salems in the country, the one in  Massachusetts is where the infamous 1692 witch trials were.  The city in Oregon is the largest, though, coming in at just over  160,000 in population. Madison (24) Known for his work on  US Constitution and the Bill of Rights, fourth president James Madison has 24 place names sprinkled throughout the United States that carry his surname. The largest city is the capital of Wisconsin, which has  243,122  people living there. Georgetown (23)   Being that Washington is tops, its no surprise that George towns  also make this list. The United States has 23 Georgetowns, in fact, though some could have been named for other Georges or even the former king of England. Georgetown, Texas, is the largest city, with a population of  56,102.

The Importance of a Strong Human Resource Department †Business Research Paper (200 Level Course)

The Importance of a Strong Human Resource Department – Business Research Paper (200 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers The Importance of a Strong Human Resource Department Business Research Paper(200 Level Course) There are many facets a modern day business must posses before it can be deemed as successful. One important ingredient of the pie is a strong human resource section. For the last 13 years I have been an executive for Target Corporation; two of these years serving as the human resource manager of a building. Target focuses heavily on the strong development of each team, and team member, in all of our 1350 buildings across the United States. In this paper, I will discuss the structure and core roles of a human resource manager at Target as it relates to my current position in the building. To get a realistic view of an HR in Target, you must first understand their place in the building. In Target, there are 5 executive positions, similar to assistant store managers. Each position, although in charge of different areas in the building, holds similar weight in terms of importance and authority. There is a front end manager in charge of the cashiers and food service section. Two sales floor executives who handle each side of the selling floor. A logistics manager who runs the backroom, and an HR executive in charge of people piece. Becoming a store manager requires that a person runs at least three of the five executive positions for one year. On my route to store manager statues, I was lucky enough to be placed in two different stores as the HR executive. The core roles for HR in Target revolve around one â€Å"theme†: right people, right place and right time. As a logistics manager currently, I rely heavily on my HR to follow this theme to ensure my success. It all starts with the â€Å"right people†. My HR is responsible for hiring me the best possible candidates. Even for entry level positions, HR executives are picky about the type of people they hire. All candidates are first given a personality test that places them in a red, yellow or green hiring statues. Once a candidate passes with a yellow or a green, they are then subjected to at least two interviews, one with the HR and one with me. Putting new team member in the â€Å"right place† is also an important key to success, for them and the store. I expect my HR each week to update myself and fellow executives as to staffing plans, guidelines and current statues. We discuss as a group any staffing downfalls, problem employees and any areas that extra training is required. The HR then writes action plans and distributes them to us as an executive staff. My HR constantly gets updates from our executive staff on how many new people we need, if any schedule adjustments must be made and any â€Å"human† issues that require support from the executive staff. â€Å"Right time† in the retail world is as important as having merchandise to sell. This last piece encompasses two important things. It might sound odd, but retail HR teams have just entered into their own â€Å"Christmas Season†. At Target, we have entered into fourth quarter and Christmas is just around the corner. Our staffing needs just went from 125 people in an average Target store to over 200. It is the HR’s responsibility for the acquisition, training and scheduling of all these new team members. Marta McGough, my current HR said â€Å"It has always been said that July through October is Christmas for HR’s, from November to January their job’s should be easy if the planning and executive happened earlier in the year†. The second piece to â€Å"right time† deals with the development and promoting of internal team members to management. With the addition of 600 new Target stores in the next 4 years, we are constantly looking for internal talent to be the leaders of tomorrow. It is Hr’s role to coach and train the team members in the building who want a career with Target. My current HR holds many mock interview sessions with team members, trains them on professionalism and grooms them for promotions. The process one must go through to get a promotion with Target is very strenuous. Before any team members I sent to district interviews, they must first acquire the seal of approval of the stores HR representative, only then will they be even eligible to interview for a hirer position. One thing that I am very thankful for in terms of HR support is what I like to call the â€Å"shield†. The HR is prohibited from participating in many interactions with team members such as corrective action and does not normally conduct formal training with team members, they just orchestrate the interactions and ensure that all communication to team members is legal and productive. I personally have the tendency to say the wrong things that could potential put me in harms way with the legal system. That is all I will say about that. My HR I use as a shield to filter out things I can not do or I can not say to my team. The HR role constantly keeps up to date on legal trends and issues such as working off the clock, which has been in the news a lot lately due to our foe Walmart’s follies. A good HR plants their executives and is the little voice in the back of their heads keeping them in check as to the â€Å"right† things to do and to say. Research Papers on The Importance of a Strong Human Resource Department - Business Research Paper (200 Level Course)Moral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanResearch Process Part OneIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Hockey GameBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

How to Create a Bouncing Bubble Recipe

How to Create a Bouncing Bubble Recipe Just about any bubble solution will produce soap bubbles, but it takes a little extra care to make them strong enough to bounce. Heres a recipe for bouncing bubble solution and tips to keep bubbles from popping on contact. Bouncing Bubble Recipe 1 cup distilled water1 tablespoon liquid dishwashing detergent (I like Dawn)1 teaspoon glycerinBubble wand or straw to blow bubbles Simply mix together the ingredients and store it in a sealed container until youre ready to use it. While the recipe may work with regular tap water, distilled water produces reliable results because it doesnt contain extra minerals that could prevent soap suds from forming. The detergent is what actually forms the bubbles. Glycerin stabilizes the bubbles by making them thicker and reducing how quickly water evaporates. Basically, it makes them stronger and longer-lasting. You may get a little extra oomph from your bubble solution if you place it in the refrigerator to age overnight. Allowing time for the solution to rest after mixing it gives gas bubbles a chance to leave the liquid (which could prematurely pop your bubble). A cool bubble solution evaporates less quickly, which may also protect your bubbles. Blow Bubbles You Can Bounce Blow bubbles! Now, you arent going to be able to bounce them on hot pavement, no matter how hard you try. You need to aim for a more bubble-friendly surface. You can catch and bounce bubbles on the following surfaces: bubble wand, wet with bubble solutiondamp dishgloved hand, especially if you wet it with bubble solutioncool, damp grassdamp cloth Do you see a trend here? A smooth, moist surface is best. If the surface is too rough, it can puncture the bubble. If it is too hot or dry, the bubble will pop. It also helps if you are blowing bubbles on a calm day with high humidity. Windy, hot conditions will dry out your bubbles, causing them to pop. Need even stronger bubbles? Try this recipe for bubbles that wont pop.

The Difference of Children's Life Between Past and Present Essay

The Difference of Children's Life Between Past and Present - Essay Example The physical activities helped them achieve very strong and muscular physique. Contrary to that, children of the present age have almost no time for outdoor physical activities. The schooling system is so advanced that children find very little time for enjoyment and relaxation. Therefore when they do get some time, they tend to surf the Internet or play video games. Even during the major portion of the day when they are studying, they are constantly using computers and the Internet because the contemporary educational system heavily depends upon the use of technology. As a result of this, children of the present age gain weight because of sitting for hours and hours continuously. Most children of the present age are either overweight or obese whereas others are too skinny. â€Å"Exercise is an important part of any daily regimen and diet, but it is even more critical for children† (Breedon). Very few children of the present age have a physique that is comparable to the childr en of the past. Children of the past were not very sharp. The main reason for this might be there lack of interaction with technology. Children of the past had seen very little world. They used to remain only in the city where they were born. They would play there, work there, and live there. They had very little information or knowledge about the world beyond what they had seen. Children of the present age are very sharp and intellectual. Again, the main reason for this is their interaction with technology. Computers and television have made it possible for the children of the present age to see the world beyond where they are and remain in constant contact with their friends abroad. This has made the children of the present age far more intellectual and informed as compared to the... This report approves that the changed lifestyle has had mixed effect on children. The positive and negative effects of the change on the children are almost equal. The positive effects of the changed lifestyle on children include increased intellectual skills and competence in the use of technology, expanded social network, availability of more opportunities of academic and professional growth. The negative effects of the changed lifestyle on children include but are not limited to increased consumption of junk food leading to many diseases including diabetes and obesity, increased number of teenage pregnancies, distance from the elders especially the grandparents emotionally as well as physically, reduced practice of religion, and increased susceptibility to violence and cybercrime. Modern age children are not very obedient. This paper makes a conclusion that lifestyle of the modern age children is so different from their lifestyle of the children of the past that the two have very rare common elements. From the standpoint of diet and physical activities, children of the past were much more privileged and advantaged as compared to the children of the present age. From the standpoint of intelligence and general knowledge, children of the present age are much more advantaged than the children of the past. Children of the past were emotionally closer to their elders than the children of the present age.

A Good Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Good Manager - Essay Example Lynn Tilton is among the intelligence leaders and manager taking into consideration her behavior and positive traits she portrays and articulates in her routine services within the private equity and an auto-part company she owns. One of the bases of her leadership and management qualities is that she is honesty. As a good manager and a leader, you are required to raise the company bar even higher than the anticipated level keeping in mind that your employees are among the top reflection entity personnel who requires honest and ethical behavior value for the purpose of their effective service delivery. We learn that Lynn considers herself as an established leader and a manager who strips and flips not for men but her company which she says she hold that company long and close to her heart. Becoming a good leader and a manager too requires the ability of delegation, which comes because of brand vision finessing and characterized through organized and efficient business environment in any prevailing business. Trust and believe in your team, as a manager is the only key to delegate ability since this makes a manager to determine the strengths and weakness prevailing in any company and in turn capitalize on them for the purpose of profit maximization.

Inquiry into Samsung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inquiry into Samsung - Essay Example Samsung group has grown through acquisitions and mergers like the move to buy DongHwa department store in 1963 and two years later the acquisition of Saena paper industry followed. Samsung electronics were established by Samsung group in the year 1969. However, it was in the 1970s when Samsung made a decision to enter into industries petrochemical, heavy and chemical industries. This was followed by the establishment of a new Samsung shipping company. The Samsung heavy industry was established in 1973. The Samsung group procured Daesung heavy industry to develop the Samsung shipbuilding company. Samsung precision, which was later renamed to Techwin, was established in the same year. Samsung was rising at an extremely high speed and expanding its influence to expanding its industrial influence and empire. This positioned the company to the present day growth culture. Samsung group is known to be one of the companies that are leading in innovation. The company has been introducing the latest Smartphone and has increased its market share by introducing superior products like Smartphone and tablets. The growth of this multinational has been gradual but steadfast. Samsung was founded in the year 1938 by Byung-Chull. The company used to export fruits, vegetables and dried fish produced in Korea. The exports were destined for Beijing and Manchuria in China. The company then started small-scale manufacturing by establishing confectionary machines and flour mills. The company was incorporated in the year 1951. Samsung Corporation started to substitute imported goods with locally manufactured products through the establishment of the industry called Ceil Sugar in the year 1953. This was later followed closely by the establishment of Cheil industries. Samsung group then went ahead to acquire Feb Ankuk Marine and fire insurance in the year 1958. The company was later renamed as Samsung fire and marine insurance. This was followed closely by the acquisition of Jul Dong Bang Life insurance in the year 1963. The company was later renamed to Samsung life insurance in the year 1989 (Michell 2011). However, in 1983, Samsung group has begun to develop the interest in the field of semiconductors. Up to 1983, the company was known to develop semiconductors for the local market. The development of the 64k DRAM (dynamic random access memory) by Samsung Company marked a fresh beginning with regard to international influence (Michell 2011). This marked the beginning of production of many semiconductor chips for the international market from Samsung Company (Chang 2011). In 1985, Samsung data systems were established. The company was rebranded to Samsung SDS in 1986. The aim was to pave the way for Samsung economic research institute. In the following year, Samsung advanced institute of technology was developed as the company’s main research center. Samsung group acquired KOCA. This was a credit company which was renamed to Samsung credit card in the year 1 995 (Books 2011). Through this, Samsung Company was increasing asserting itself in the world of technology and financial security systems. Samsung began acquiring many international companies with an aim of asserting itself in the international market and increasing its market share. Samsung group faces incredible competition from other South Korean industries.